Social Development and Security

The Political Logic of War: How Leadership and Objectives Shape Military Strategy

Rashad Tahirov, Khayal Iskandarov — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To explain how political leadership shapes the selection and adaptation of fundamental military tactics by examining the cognitive, institutional, and political mechanisms through which political objectives are translated into concrete forms of organized violence.

Method: Comparative analysis, and synthesis.

Findings. The findings show that the selection of fundamental military tactics—annihilation, exhaustion, intimidation, and subversion—is primarily shaped by political objectives rather than by material, structural, or doctrinal factors alone. Political leadership emerges as the central mechanism through which political intent is translated into concrete forms of military force employment. The analysis demonstrates that leaders’ cognitive frameworks, institutional constraints, and regime characteristics influence how political goals are converted into organized violence. The proposed typology of strategic logics indicates that each form of force employment corresponds to a specific configuration of political objectives, opponent characteristics, time horizons, and resource availability. Comparative case analysis—from Napoleon’s campaigns and the Second Punic War to Operation Desert Storm (1991), the Second Karabakh War (2020), and contemporary subversion—confirms that strategic choices reflect not only military necessity but also leaders’ perceptions of authority, risk, and legitimacy. Strategic selection is further shaped by political aim type, opponent profile and centers of gravity, urgency, resource and force-generation capacity, domestic politics and civil–military relations, the external environment, and leadership traits. Overall, the findings confirm that military strategy is a form of political choice, whose effectiveness depends on alignment between political objectives, available capabilities, and the broader decision-making context.

Theoretical implications. This study can be applied to predict and analyze how political leaders translate objectives into military tactics, guiding research and models in strategic studies, civil–military relations, and conflict decision-making.

Practical implications. This study can assist military planners, policymakers, and analysts in anticipating leaders’ strategic choices and tailoring operational, diplomatic, or deterrence measures accordingly.

Value. It bridges the gap between political objectives and military action, offering both a conceptual framework for understanding leadership-driven strategy and practical insights for anticipating and influencing real-world conflict decisions.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Shortcomings of Strategic Foresight and Vulnerability of Ukraine’s Energy Security in Wartime: Problems of Forecasting and Resilience

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To identify the reasons for the failure of implementing strategic foresight in Ukraine’s energy security sector under full-scale war conditions and to substantiate a management model capable of translating foresight scenarios into mandatory infrastructure and political decisions.

Method. Interdisciplinary approach combining institutional-analytical method, scenario analysis, comparative policy analysis, and literature review; empirical data from open sources, media, and international reports used to compare forecasts with actual events from 2022–2026.

Findings. Identified a systemic gap between foresight and management decisions due to institutional inertia, energy sector monopolization, and lack of preventive measures; proposed a “foresight → management decisions → infrastructure” model with recommendations for decentralization, underground placement of facilities, and institutionalization of foresight.

Theoretical Implications. The study fills gaps in analyzing the translation of foresight into management decisions, integrating the “wicked problems” concept into energy security context; reveals monopoly as a security risk and substantiates foresight as a mandatory element of public administration in wartime conditions.

Papertype. Scientific article (analytical, applied).

The Impact of Modern Wars on Mılıtary-Doctrınal Documents

Zafar Nuri Najafov, Jafar Seyidov — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To substantiate the impact of radical changes in the theory and practice of the use of military force on the transformation of military-doctrinal documents and to determine the conceptual framework for their adaptation to new geopolitical conditions.

Method. Comparative analysis, case study, systematic approach, and structural analysis.

Findings. Military power relations are undergoing continuous transformation. The concept of total war is gradually disappearing from scientific discourse, being replaced by short, rapid operations that rely heavily on non-kinetic factors in power projection. The expansion of modern combat domains due to non-kinetic capabilities and the shift away from classical concepts of force have become decisive in shaping contemporary military doctrinal documents. These changes are closely linked to the extraterritorial application of force, including active defense and nuclear deterrence, as reflected in the doctrines of major powers. At the same time, the battlefield is expanding, international norms of warfare are being challenged, and new precedents are emerging.

Theoretical implications. Unconventional tactics, information warfare, cyber operations, and economic sanctions have become integral elements of modern military thinking and doctrinal development. This is evident in the doctrinal approaches of the United States (deterrence and preemption), Russia (active defense, nuclear deterrence, and the so-called Gerasimov doctrine), and China (unrestricted warfare and “victory without war”), all of which prioritize new forms and means of conflict and outline theoretical foundations for future warfare.

Practical implications. Modernized doctrinal concepts have demonstrated their relevance in recent conflicts, including Crimea, the Second Karabakh War, India–Pakistan tensions, and Iran–Israel confrontations. In many cases, decisive outcomes were achieved through unconventional strategies. New means and forms of warfare have thus become key drivers of contemporary military transformation and the decline of classical military paradigms.

Value. The study highlights the interaction between theoretical developments and practical applications. Rapid changes in warfare necessitate doctrinal adaptation, while updated conceptual frameworks create new opportunities for the effective use of force in the evolving “post-Clausewitz” strategic environment.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Alternative Service in the United States: The Legal Institutionalization of Conscientious Objection to Military Service

Yaroslav Kotylko — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: The purpose of this research is to provide a comprehensive historical and legal analysis of the formation and development of conscientious objection to military service in the United States in the twentieth century, as well as the evolution of alternative (non-military) service models as a mechanism for safeguarding freedom of conscience under conditions of mass conscription.

Methodology: The study employs general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison), special legal methods (formal-legal, historical-legal, interpretation of legal norms), and case-law analysis. The source base includes federal draft and selective service legislation, subordinate regulations and administrative procedures of the Selective Service System, governmental reports, materials of religious and civic organizations, and decisions of the U.S. Supreme Court.

Research Results: The article establishes that the institutionalization of alternative service in the United States progressed through the gradual refinement of legal criteria and administrative mechanisms for recognizing conscientious objectors during key periods of mass mobilization. It is shown that during World War I the prevailing approach was a “limited religious exemption” without a stable alternative-service program; during World War II a systematic model of civilian labor of “national importance” (CPS) was formed in cooperation between the state and the “historic peace churches.” In the postwar period (Korean War), the system shifted from camps to a decentralized model of civilian assignments, and during the Vietnam War a qualitative transformation occurred—from a purely religious test to the recognition of moral and ethical convictions—consolidated by U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence (Seeger, Welsh), while simultaneously reaffirming the requirement of opposition to “war in any form” (Gillette). The era of alternative service as an element of the mobilization system ended with the termination of the draft and the U.S. transition to an all-volunteer force in the 1970s.

Theoretical Significance: The study conceptualizes the American model of alternative service as a product of interaction between religious pacifist traditions, state mobilization policy, and constitutional and legal guarantees of freedom of conscience. It identifies the stages of the evolution of conscientious objection—from a denominational exemption to a broader legal approach accommodating ethical convictions, and finally to the end of the conscription paradigm.

Practical Significance: The findings may be used to improve legal and procedural mechanisms of alternative service in democratic states, including the development of criteria for assessing the “sincerity of beliefs,” appeal procedures, a transparent list of permissible forms of civilian service, and safeguards against discrimination of conscientious objectors.

Value of the Research: The research demonstrates that legitimate and effective alternative service requires a balance between a state’s defense needs and human rights, as well as a clear administrative infrastructure for civilian assignments capable of minimizing arbitrariness in decision-making and reducing the social stigmatization of conscientious objectors.

Type of Article: theoretical (historical-legal).

Keywords: religious organizations, freedom of conscience, alternative (non-military) service, religious beliefs, legal regulation, national security, national defense, military service, USA.

Turkey’s Involvement in Azerbaijan–Armenia Relations in the Context of Regional Dialogue and Stability

Turkan Maharramova — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. The aim is to analyze Turkey’s role in Azerbaijan–Armenia relations from theoretical and practical perspectives within the context of ensuring regional dialogue and stability.

Method: The study employs historical-political analysis, the comparative method, and document analysis to examine Turkey’s involvement and its impact on regional stability.

Theoretical implications. The study demonstrates that regional dialogue and stability play a crucial role in the resolution of conflicts in the South Caucasus. A theoretical assessment of Turkey’s involvement reveals its function as both a mediator and a strategic actor. At the same time, the maintenance of regional stability depends on the development of mutual trust and cooperation mechanisms among states.

Practical implications. The practical findings of the study indicate that Turkey’s active involvement promotes the normalization process in Azerbaijan–Armenia relations. This, in particular, creates favorable conditions for the implementation of economic projects and the opening of communication corridors. Dialogue initiatives facilitated by Turkey contribute to the enhancement of regional trust. As a result, practical mechanisms for the stabilization of interstate relations and the expansion of mutual cooperation are formed.

Value. The scientific and practical significance of the study lies in clarifying Turkey’s role in Azerbaijan–Armenia relations within the context of regional dialogue and stability, thereby providing a foundation for decision-making and analytical assessments for policymakers and researchers.

Paper type. Review article.

Recommendations to the Management Bodies of the Border Detachment Headquarters on the Organization and Conduct of Operational and Preventive Measures at the State Border

Anatoliy Fedorchuk, Vitalii Veretilnyk, Oleksii Gluzdan — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To provide recommendations to the management bodies of the border detachment headquarters on the organization and conduct of operational and preventive measures on the state border.

Method. The recommendations are based on expert assessment and an analytical method based on the assessment of facts and information.

Findings. Recommendations on the organization and conduct of joint (special) border operations on the state border are substantiated.

Theoretical Implications. The recommendations enable the management bodies of the border detachment headquarters to form the sequence of their work in the process of planning and organizing joint (special) border operations on the state border.

Originality/Value: The novelty lies in the introduction of new approaches to the work of the border detachment headquarters.

Future research: development of official procedures, issues of organizing interaction during the planning of joint (special) border operations on the state border are further areas of research.

Papertype. Applied research (methodological) article.

Analysis of Methodological Tools for Financial and Economic Support of Ukraine’s Defense Capability: Challenges and Areas for Improvement

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. The article highlights the methodological problems of financial and economic support for the armed defense of Ukraine in conditions of full-scale war. The introduction substantiates the evolution of financial and economic support to a key factor of state stability, with an emphasis on Ukrainian realities since 2014. The fragmentation of the methodological apparatus formed in peacetime and the need to adapt foreign methods to hybrid threats are identified.

Method. The problem statement focuses on the lack of a holistic apparatus for substantiating decisions, with the limitations of the budgetary approach in Ukrainian research and the problems of transferring foreign models. The disconnect between science and practice, the lack of a single conceptual field are emphasized. The novelty is the synthesis of practices for a hybrid apparatus with an integrative model that takes into account the effects of aid.

Practical implications. The article analyzes three groups of approaches (financial-budgetary, capacity-based, system-scenario) with a table of advantages and limitations. The combination for Ukraine, the model scheme are substantiated. The inconsistency of the apparatus with realities, the need for integration are revealed. The conclusions confirm the transformation of the apparatus, the relevance of system-scenario approaches, the hypothesis of integration.

Future research. Proposals: consolidation of the integrated apparatus, implementation of the scenario approach, assessment of sustainability, interdisciplinarity, reduction of the science-practice gap.

Paper type. Theoretical, practical.

Control Algorithm for Assessing the Combat Capability of Military Units

Hryhorii Ivanets, Stanislav Horielyshev, Mykhailo Ivanets — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Substantiation and development of a control algorithm for assessing the combat capability of military units for the purpose of planning and conducting organizational-technical measures aimed at maintaining and restoring their combat capability.

Method. The study employed a systematic and comparative analysis of existing approaches to assessing the combat capability of units, methods of structural-functional synthesis and mathematical modeling and algorithmization for developing a control assessment algorithm, as well as probabilistic methods for evaluating potential technical capacity and the level of professional and moral-psychological training of personnel.

Findings. The work proposes a control algorithm, structurally composed of 13 blocks located at 5 hierarchical levels. The algorithm implements a sequence of actions: information collection and analysis, separate assessments of potential technical capacity and the level of professional and moral-psychological training, an integrated assessment of the level of combat capability, and the formation and adjustment of management decisions. Analytical dependencies for calculating potential technical capacity and the level of professional and moral-psychological training have been derived, allowing for a quantitative assessment of the unit's state. Three degrees of combat capability (combat-capable, limited combat-capable, non-combat-capable) have been defined based on an integral indicator and critical losses.

Practical implications. The obtained results can be used by units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, the National Guard of Ukraine, and other components of the defense forces. The control algorithm is a tool for command and staffs to objectively assess the state of units, plan organizational-technical measures for maintaining and restoring combat capability, and make informed decisions regarding the application of forces.

Future Research. Further research should be directed towards developing practical recommendations and effective methods for maintaining and restoring the combat capability of military units.

Papertype. Research article.

Efficiency of Food System Operation in Combat Conditions: an Analytical Approach

Serhii Melnykov — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the elements of a multi-level food supply system, as well as the logistical, technical, sanitary-epidemiological, and personnel-related risks affecting the functioning of the nutrition system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine under conditions of active hostilities and the widespread use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and to identify directions for enhancing its resilience and operational efficiency.

Method. The study employed both general scientific and specialized methods, including analysis and synthesis, systemic and structural-functional approaches, comparative analysis, generalization of scientific sources and regulatory legal acts, as well as logical modeling.

Findings. Key risks negatively affecting the organization of food provision for military personnel in combat positions were identified, including disruptions and complications in supply logistics, technical constraints on food preparation due to the risk of detection and targeting, instability of energy supply, personnel shortages, and psychophysiological exhaustion of staff. It is substantiated that the cumulative impact of these risks leads to a decline in the quality and regularity of nutrition, an increase in non-combat losses, and a deterioration in the moral and psychological condition of personnel.

Theoretical implications. The study expands the scientific understanding of the nutrition system as a component of combat support in contemporary warfare and systematizes the risks affecting its functioning, taking into account the impact of UAVs and the high intensity of combat operations.

Practical implications. The findings may be used to improve regulatory and organizational approaches to military food provision, to develop recommendations for unit commanders and logistics services, and to support the professional training of specialists in the field of military supply and support.

Originality. The originality of the study lies in its comprehensive approach to analyzing the military nutrition system specifically under conditions characterized by the widespread use of UAVs and the persistent risk of detection and targeting—an aspect that has received limited attention in domestic academic research.

Limitations / Future Research. The study is limited by the predominant use of open-source information and the inability to incorporate restricted-access empirical data. Future research should focus on the development of practical models for autonomous unit-level nutrition systems, the assessment of innovative technical solutions, and the examination of the relationship between nutritional quality and the combat endurance of military personnel

Papertype. Theoretical.

Analysis and Prioritization of Effectiveness Factors of Engineering Support Measures in Defense Operations

Ihor Denysov, Andrii Kainaran — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Comprehensive assessment and prioritization of factors influencing the effectiveness of engineering support measures in a defensive operation through the integration of SWOT analysis and the Analytic Hierarchy Process, taking into account the characteristics of modern warfare.

Method. The methodological framework of the study is based on an integrated approach that combines SWOT analysis for the qualitative identification and structuring of internal and external factors of engineering support, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process for their quantitative prioritization based on expert judgments. The empirical basis of the study consists of the results of an independent expert survey of engineering support specialists of the Armed Forces of Ukraine with practical combat experience.

Findings. The study reveals the dominant influence of external factors, in particular the adversary’s active actions and the characteristics of the weapons systems employed, as well as the decisive role of managerial and organizational components of engineering support. The constructed SWOT matrix and the results of the Analytic Hierarchy Process substantiate the feasibility of implementing strategies aimed at compensating internal constraints through the use of external opportunities while simultaneously strengthening internal capabilities.

Practical implications. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using the obtained results by military command and control authorities to substantiate managerial decisions regarding the development of engineering support, optimization of resource utilization, and enhancement of the effectiveness of defensive task execution within force groupings.

Papertype. Research/science-theory.

Ground Robotic Complexes of the Russian Federation in Modern Combat Operations: Tactical and Technical Features and Comparative Analysis

Oleksandr Shkvarskyi; Oleksandr Rybshchun, Oleh Yalnytskyi, Ihor Kondratiuk — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Comprehensive analysis of ground robotic complexes of the Russian Federation in the context of modern combat operations, in particular the war against Ukraine, with an assessment of their tactical and technical features, combat use practice, effectiveness and limitations, as well as a comparative comparison of Russian NRCs with Western and Ukrainian developments.

Method. The research is based on a combination of qualitative methods of open-source intelligence (OSINT) and comparative analysis.

Findings. The study found that the Russian ground robotic systems perform mainly auxiliary functions and are not independent strike weapons. Their effectiveness is significantly limited by the instability of control channels, low autonomy and high vulnerability to electronic warfare and FPV drones. Comparative analysis has shown the technological and doctrinal lag of Russian ground robotic complexes from Western and Ukrainian platforms.

Theoretical Implications. Consists in expanding scientific ideas about the role of ground robotic complexes in modern combat operations. The work systematizes key tactical and technical and organizational factors that determine the effectiveness of NRC in conditions of high saturation with electronic warfare means. The theoretical limits of the use of ground robotic complexes as an auxiliary, rather than an independent, strike element have been clarified. The conclusions obtained can be used in further military-theoretical and comparative studies of military robotics.

Practical Implications. Lies in the possibility of using the obtained results to assess the real combat effectiveness of ground robotic complexes in modern war conditions. The conclusions of the work can be applied when developing tactical recommendations for the use of ground robotic complexes, planning engineering, reconnaissance and logistics operations, as well as in the process of training military specialists.

Papertype. Conceptual and empirical.

Analysis of Threats to the Security of the State Border that Affect the Activities of Information and Statistical Support for Operational and Service Activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine

Artem Bratko, Taras Servylo — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of current threats to the security of the State Border of Ukraine and to determine their impact on the effectiveness of information and statistical support for the operational and service activities of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine.

Method. The study applies an analytical method using a comparative analysis of statistical indicators for 2024–2025, generalization of official reporting data of the SBGSU, elements of a systems approach, and situational forecasting.

Findings. The study identifies the persistence and transformation of threats (military, migration-related, smuggling, and information threats), increased intensity of shelling, drug trafficking, and illegal movement of weapons and goods. It substantiates the necessity of forming a unified information picture and improving the scientific and methodological framework of information and statistical support.

Theoretical Implications. The research expands the understanding of the interrelation between the security environment of the border area and the functioning of information-analytical management systems, outlining approaches to their systematization.

Originality/Value. The originality lies in combining statistical analysis of operational results with security forecasting, focusing on the institutional development of information support of the SBGSU under wartime conditions.

Future research. Further studies should develop a formalized model of information and statistical support for operational and service activities, introduce digital data integration tools, and apply quantitative methods to assess managerial effectiveness.

Papertype. Research article.

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Level of Preparation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the Defense of the State

Vadym Klymenko — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Theoretical substantiation and structuring of the system of factors that determine the level of preparation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the defense of the state, as well as the formation of scientifically based approaches to the development of their capabilities.

Method. Includes general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, comparative analysis, systematization and classification in combination with a structural-functional approach. The selection of factors was carried out on the basis of the decomposition of the Armed Forces training system as a complex open system and the analysis of its interaction with the security environment. The list included factors that influence the formation of capabilities, determine resource limitations or development opportunities, and also determine the transformation of training priorities.

Practical implications. The main results of the article are the systematization of factors affecting the level of training of the Armed Forces, the identification of the nature of the relationships between them and the clarification of their impact on the transformation of priorities for the development of military formations' capabilities. The results obtained create a methodological basis for further formalization of these interdependencies and the formation of a system of indicators to support management decisions in the field of defense planning. The practical significance of the research results lies in the possibility of their use for refining approaches to assessing the level of training of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, taking into account the influence of other components of the security and defense sector.

Future research. It is advisable to focus on improving evaluation and control procedures to update training plans in the defense planning process.

Paper type. Theoretical, practical.

International Cooperation as a Key Factor in the Development and Expansion of Armed Forces in the Post-Crisis Period: Mechanisms for Determining Capabilities

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To substantiate the importance of international cooperation in the development and expansion of the Armed Forces in the post-crisis period: to identify its key areas, problems and trends of transformation, taking into account the requirements of collective security and the need to strengthen national defence capabilities.

Method. Analysis, synthesis, comparison, formalization and evaluation of the material, abstraction and conjectural analysis (thinking).

Findings. The key areas of international cooperation in the development and expansion of the Armed Forces in the post-crisis period have been identified, the main problems and risks of such cooperation have been analysed, and strategic guidelines for its transformation have been substantiated with the aim of strengthening national defence capabilities.

Theoretical implications. The results can be used to improve approaches to defence planning and management of Armed Forces resources, in the formulation of state security and defence strategies, the development of mechanisms for international cooperation in the security sector, as well as in scientific and educational programmes on national and international security issues.

Paper type. Theoretical, descriptive, practical, methodical.

Study of Factors Affecting the Impact of Soil and Groundwater Contamination on Human Health in the Combat-Affected Shelter Zone

Nina Rashkevich, Olha Shevchenko, Volodymyr Kradozhon ; Artem Huz — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To identify and classify the factors influencing the nature of the physiological effects of soil and groundwater contamination on public health under conditions of human presence in protective shelters, in territories affected by rocket and artillery attacks.

Method. An analytical method was used to detail the manifestation of the physiological effect; to establish cause-and-effect relationships between environmental factors and the nature of the impact - a systems analysis; to compare effects under different conditions - a comparative method.

Findings. Two main types of physiological effects were identified: subacute (T₁–₂), associated with drinking water contamination, including water used to meet the needs of shelters, and prolonged (T₂–₃), characteristic of soil pathways and food exposure. Factors modifying the trajectories and migration rates of toxicants, their concentrations and duration of exposure, as well as their influence on the rate and severity of physiological effects in different population groups were identified, taking into account limited air and water exchange in shelter facilities.

Theoretical implications. The research contributes to the development of a unified two-level model for assessing the manifestation of physiological effects of toxicants under complex combat conditions, including scenarios involving prolonged population stay in protective structures.

Practical implications: The obtained results can be used to develop adaptive emergency management strategies, plan contamination monitoring and population protection in affected areas, and enhance the operational safety of shelter facilities under conditions of environmental chemical contamination.

Originality. The impact of a combination of environmental factors and military load on the manifestation of the physiological effects of soil and water pollution has been systematized, which allows to increase the accuracy of risk assessment for the population.

Research limitations. The limitations lie in the use of theoretical and analytical models without extensive experimental confirmation in field conditions. In future studies, it is advisable to integrate observational, modeling, and laboratory experimental data.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Development of a Filtering Respirator with a Real-Time Monitoring Device for Pressure Drop

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Development of a filtering respirator with a device for operational pressure drop control.

Method: The development of the filtering respirator with a real-time monitoring device for pressure drop involves the use of the following equipment: the ESP32-C6-LCD-1.47 microcontroller with a video display, and the MPXV7002DP FRS pressure sensor, which enable monitoring of the pressure drop caused by dust accumulation, based on determining the critical filter resistance value.

Findings. A real-time monitoring device for pressure drop in the respirator filter box has been developed. It provides prerequisites for improving worker safety in hazardous conditions and extends the possibilities of personalizing respiratory protective equipment according to specific operational requirements and users’ physiological characteristics. The developed algorithm of the device enhances the protective properties of the filtering respirator by timely informing the user about the pressure drop status of the filter, which is associated with half-mask tightness and battery charge level. A mathematical model has been proposed, correlating filter parameters, breathing mode, and the characteristics of the pressure drop sensor, which allows for determining changes in the pressure drop across the filter element depending on dust accumulation on the filter surface. This makes it possible to control filter service life by comparing it with the critical pressure drop value.

Paper type. Experimental studies of filtering respirator’ performance indicators.

Comparative Analysis of the Draft Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)” and the Current Regulatory Requirements and Principles Operating in the European Union

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: to conduct a comparative analysis of the draft Law of Ukraine “On the Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)” and the current regulatory requirements and principles operating in the European Union.

Мethod: A comparative legal method was used to analyze the provisions of the draft law and the principles of state supervision operating in the European Union, as well as a systematic approach to identify the relationships between the concepts of risk-based control, preventive mechanisms and digitalization.

Findings. It was determined that the Draft Law “On the Basic Principles of State Supervision (Control)” is a conceptually progressive and necessary reform aimed at modernizing relations between the state and business. Its key ideas - the transition to a risk-based approach, the introduction of preventive mechanisms (audit, insurance), digitalization and increased transparency - fully comply with European standards and the long-term interests of the Ukrainian economy. It has been established that the quality of legal formulations and the thoughtfulness of individual mechanisms do not always correspond to the ambition of the declared goals. The main advantages of the Draft Law are increased predictability for business through stable planning, strengthening procedural guarantees during inspections (in particular, video recording) and creating tools to avoid violations without applying sanctions. It has been shown that the advantages of the Draft Law are largely offset by serious risks. In particular, the proposed administrative appeal system is structurally defective due to a conflict of interest. The shortened trial procedure, although aimed at increasing efficiency, poses a threat to the right to a fair trial. Insufficient financial support for new preventive functions calls into question іt real effectiveness.

Theoretical implications: consists in a comprehensive comparative analysis of the Ukrainian draft law “On the Basic Principles of State Supervision (control)” and the European principles of state supervision (control).

Practical implications: conceptual differences between the formalized Ukrainian model and the flexible European system are identified, in particular regarding the risk-oriented approach, business incentive mechanisms and digitalization.

Paper type. Theoretical, descriptive, methodical.

The Role of Citizen Science in Enhancing Resilience and Environmental Security of Ukrainian Cities

Olena Skuibida — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To substantiate the concept of a citizen science city as an instrument for post-war recovery and sustainable development, as well as to develop a governance approach to integrating citizen science into urban planning processes, environmental monitoring, and civil security in Ukraine.

Method. A theoretical and analytical approach was applied, including a systematic review of academic sources, analysis of international experience in disaster citizen science, comparative analysis of European Union strategic documents and international standards, and conceptual modeling of management mechanisms based on a process-oriented approach.

Findings. The feasibility of integrating citizen science into the urban governance system of Ukraine is substantiated. The potential of disaster citizen science to ensure rapid collection of localized data under conditions of limited institutional capacity is demonstrated. The concept of a citizen science city and a management model for citizen science projects based on the Plan–Do–Check–Act cycle are proposed.

Theoretical implications. The conceptual foundations for integrating citizen science into the system of sustainable urban development and post-war recovery are further developed.

Practical implications. The results of the research can be used by state authorities and local self-government bodies in developing urban recovery and development strategies, environmental monitoring programs, and mechanisms for citizen participation in decision-making.

Originality of the research. An institutionalized model of a citizen science city for wartime conditions and post-war recovery is proposed.

Future research. The study opens avenues for further empirical validation and the development of practical recommendations for state authorities and local self-government bodies.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Legal and Socio-Economic Mechanisms of State Safety Management of Workers with Disabilities in the Context of International Integration

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Scientific substantiation and development of an integrated model for evaluating the effectiveness of legal and socio economic mechanisms of public administration of occupational safety for workers with disabilities, taking into account international approaches, civil safety requirements, emergency preparedness, and first aid organization.

Method. A systemic approach, methods of analysis and generalization of scientific sources, comparative analysis of international experience, an indicator based approach, and an integral method for assessing the effectiveness of public policy.

Findings. The necessity of integrating legal, socio economic, institutional, and organizational response mechanisms into a unified public administration system is substantiated. An integrated evaluation model is proposed, including four functional blocks: legal, socio economic, institutional, and emergency response and first aid. A system of indicators, a method for forming an integral index, and a scale for its interpretation have been developed. This approach ensures the possibility of quantitative assessment of public policy effectiveness, comparative analysis across regions and sectors, and identification of funding priorities for inclusive safety measures.

Theoretical implications. The study develops theoretical approaches to public administration of occupational safety by substantiating the concept of integrating inclusiveness, emergency response, and first aid into a unified system for evaluating effectiveness. The proposed model expands scientific understanding of the systemic assessment of public policy performance in the field of occupational safety.

Practical implications. The proposed approach can be used for strategic monitoring of public administration effectiveness, improvement of the regulatory framework, strengthening institutional capacity of supervisory authorities, justification of investments in safety measures, and development of inclusive working environments.

Originality. A comprehensive model for evaluating the effectiveness of public policy has been developed, which systematically combines legal, socio economic, institutional, and operational response mechanisms and considers first aid as a structural component of public administration.

Research limitations. The limitations are related to the conceptual nature of the model, the need for its testing using empirical data from different regions and sectors, and the refinement of indicator weights during practical implementation.

Article type. Empirical.

Quantitative Characteristics of Road Traffic Accidents on the “Yampil M-06” Road Section

Taras Matviichuk — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To identify accessible factors and conditions that potentially influence the high incidence of road traffic accidents (RTAs) at km 532+1000 of the international highway M-06 Kyiv–Chop (toward Budapest via Lviv, Mukachevo, and Uzhhorod), near the village of Yampil, Lviv region, particularly at the intersection with the local road C141210 Murovane–Novyi Yarychiv, using descriptive statistical analysis.

Method. The dataset of RTAs was processed through detailed analysis of official accident reports; geospatial mapping of each case onto the road and intersection scheme; assessment of traffic intensity; examination of weather conditions on accident dates; and application of one-, two-, and three-dimensional statistical analysis.

Results. Quantitative and temporal characteristics of RTAs at the “Yampil M-06” segment were identified, including periods of increased accident frequency, intervals of minimal or zero incidents, and recurrence patterns across specific weeks, days, and hours. Temporal clusters and inter-event intervals were determined. Among 29 accident concentration sites in the Lviv region, the studied segment ranks fourth in terms of hazard level. RTAs were distributed by year, month, day of the week, hour and minute, spatial localization (meter marks), accident type, and lunar phases, including time elapsed since each phase. Weather-related factors were analyzed, including average temperature, daily temperature range, precipitation, wind speed, relative humidity, and combined meteorological conditions. Intervals between accidents were calculated, and accident dates were projected onto a one-year calendar model.

Originality/Value. The application of descriptive statistics enabled the construction of a mathematical profile of accident occurrence at the studied segment and outlined directions for further exploration of potential correlations between dates, external conditions, and accident circumstances.

Limitations of the research. The dataset requires supplementation with detailed information on the vehicles involved in the accidents.

Paper type. Theoretical and applied.

The Application of Artificial Intelligence in Intelligence: A Comparison of U.S. Practices and Legal Constraints in the EU

Serhii Stefantsev, Vadym Sokur, Andrii Bulavin — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Identify structural differences between the practice of integrating artificial intelligence into U.S. intelligence activities and the regulatory-legal model of the European Union and assess their impact on the effectiveness of the intelligence cycle.

Method. System analysis, comparative analysis.

Findings. The evolution of artificial intelligence integration into U.S. intelligence activities, as well as the corresponding legal and ethical norms of the EU, has been analyzed. The main areas of its impact on the intelligence cycle have been identified, and the legal, ethical, and technical limitations of AI use have been systematized. It has been demonstrated that claims of a full-scale AI revolution in intelligence are premature.

Theoretical implications. The results can be used for further research in the field of cognitive and information security technologies, as well as for the development of decision-making theory in intelligence activities.

Value. The materials of the article may be useful for security and defense sector professionals when assessing the opportunities and risks of implementing artificial intelligence technologies.

Future research. It is advisable to focus on the development of legal norms regulating the use of artificial intelligence in intelligence agencies and methods for reducing cognitive biases in human-machine systems.

Papertype. Analytical.

Methodology for Calculating the Effective Value of the Recoil Force of Automatic Firearms

Oleksandr Bilenko, Serhii Shabatura — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To develop a methodology for calculating the effective value of the recoil force of automatic small arms in order to objectively assess its impact on firing efficiency, motion parameters, and stability of combat platforms.

Method. An analytical approach based on the principles of internal ballistics, mathematical description of impulse loads, systems analysis, and algorithmic modeling.

Findings. A methodology for determining the effective value of recoil force has been developed. The dependence of this indicator on caliber, rate of fire, shot duration, maximum powder gas pressure, and the coefficient of utilization of the barrel working volume has been established.

Practical value of the study. The proposed methodology can be applied to justify the selection of automatic weapon systems for combat platforms with specified mass and dimensional characteristics, as well as in the design and modernization of weapon systems.

Paper type. Scientific and applied (methodological) article.

Proposals for the Search of Damaged Armored Vehicles in Combat Conditions

Yaroslav Pavlov — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To substantiate and develop proposals for a comprehensive approach to searching for damaged armored vehicles in combat areas using modern technical reconnaissance means, including the integrated application of unmanned aerial vehicles, marking and geolocation devices, and digital situational awareness systems, in order to reduce detection time, increase information completeness, and minimize risks to personnel.

Method. The study employs system and comparative analysis of modern technical reconnaissance approaches, methods of structural and functional synthesis and modeling to form an integrated search system for damaged armored vehicles, as well as probabilistic methods to assess the effectiveness of the combined use of detection means.

Findings. A comprehensive approach to searching for damaged armored vehicles is substantiated, combining the use of unmanned aerial vehicles, marking and geolocation devices, and the integration of reconnaissance data into a digital situational awareness system, which ensures reduced detection time and increased effectiveness of technical reconnaissance.

Practical value of the study. The obtained results can be used by units of the National Guard of Ukraine and other components of the defense forces to improve the organization of technical reconnaissance, reduce the time required to detect damaged armored vehicles, enhance the safety of repair and evacuation units, and improve decision-making efficiency regarding evacuation and recovery under combat conditions.

Future research. Further research should focus on developing practical recommendations for improving the evacuation technology of damaged armored vehicles through the implementation of new technical solutions, including automated route determination tools, evacuation prioritization, and integration with digital command and control systems.

Paper type. Conceptual.

Conceptual Approaches to the Assessment of the Effectiveness of Cyber Warfare in Military Information and Communication Systems

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To analyze, generalize, systematize, and compare conceptual approaches to assessing the effectiveness of conducting cyber warfare in military information and communication systems, including relevant information technologies and mathematical models.

Method. General scientific theoretical research methods were employed, including analysis, generalization, systematization, and comparison, which enable a comprehensive examination of the key features and differences among conceptual approaches to assessing the effectiveness of conducting cyber warfare in military information and communication systems.

Practical implications: It is determined by the possibility of applying the research results in the development and improvement of decision support systems, mathematical models of specific cyber warfare processes, the planning of cyber defense measures, and the assessment of the effectiveness of actions within the framework of contemporary hybrid military conflicts.

Future research. Consist in the implementation of the obtained results into the practice of modeling and assessing the effectiveness of the course and outcomes of conducting cyber warfare by military command authorities at all levels of command.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Management of Military Pedagogical Personnel: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations and Contemporary Approaches

Mujkan Mammadzada — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To investigate the theoretical and practical foundations of the management of military pedagogical personnel, and to provide recommendations for enhancing the efficiency of this process within the context of modern management approaches and international experience.

Method. It is in the study, analytical, comparative, and document-based methods were applied to examine the management of military pedagogical personnel.

Theoretical implications. Theoretical results indicate that the management of military pedagogical personnel should be regarded as a comprehensive theory formed at the intersection of pedagogy, management science, and the principles of military education. A systematic approach and a competency-based management model define the structure, objectives, and functions of military pedagogical activity on a scientific basis. At the same time, quality management and results-oriented approaches provide a theoretical foundation for evaluating and optimizing the effectiveness of pedagogical personnel’s activities.

Practical implications. The application of a systematic and competency-based approach in the management of military pedagogical personnel accelerates their professional development and enhances the quality of the educational process. Optimizing planning and organizational mechanisms ensures the consistency and results-orientation of pedagogical activities. The implementation of modern management practices and international standards increases personnel motivation and strengthens a responsible approach to their work. As a result, the management of pedagogical personnel in military educational institutions is carried out in a manner that is both practically effective and aligned with real operational requirements.

Value. This article makes a scholarly contribution by identifying the theoretical and practical foundations of managing military pedagogical personnel and enhancing the efficiency of the military education system within the context of modern management approaches and international standards.

Paper type. Review article.

Wartime Defense Financing Architecture: Digital Transformation and Institutional Modernization in Ukraine

Svitlana Bondarenko, Mykola Naumenko, Tetiana Gakava — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Substantiation of a conceptual model of the architecture of financial support for the state’s defence needs under the legal regime of martial law, integrating fiscal policy under conditions of extreme defence burden, digital transformation of procurement processes, and institutional modernization of the supply system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Method. Mixed methods paradigm combining quantitative analysis of empirical data with qualitative analysis of institutional transformations, including case study strategy, statistical analysis, comparative institutional analysis, content analysis of regulatory framework, structural-functional analysis, and bibliometric analysis of 38 Scopus publications for the period 2023–2026.

Practical implications. Substantiation of the effectiveness of specialized procurement agencies model with functional differentiation of lethal and non-lethal procurement, providing recommendations for implementing digital procurement platforms with 5–10 days delivery cycle instead of months, identifying effective mechanisms of public-private partnership in the defence innovation sector, creating a foundation for adapting Ukrainian institutional modernization experience by partner countries.

Value. Expanding theoretical understanding of institutional modernization possibilities under extreme conditions through the concept of “isomorphism under survival pressure”, filling gaps in research on defence financing systems functioning under extreme burden (34% of GDP), conceptualization of “Recovery under Fire” paradigm as an alternative to classical post-war reconstruction models, development of a three-level defence financing architecture model and six-dimensional institutional resilience model.

Paper type. Research.

Methodological Foundations of Military Scientific and Pedagogical Personnel Training in the Context of National Security

Humeyir Ahmadov — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To analyze the methodological foundations of military scientific and pedagogical personnel within the context of national security and to assess the possibilities for their application in the Azerbaijani context.

Method. It is a systematic methodology based on the analysis of military pedagogical and scientific literature, comparative analysis, the study of problem-based learning models, and the integration of international standards.

Theoretical implications. The study demonstrated that the training of military pedagogical personnel is based on the synthesis of the principles of pedagogy, management, and military science, and aims at the development of individual, collective, strategic, and ethical competencies. The training process ensures the formation of strategic thinking and decision-making abilities through the integration of theoretical knowledge with practical skills. Contemporary pedagogical approaches, particularly innovative and problem-based learning methods, constitute the foundation of effective personnel training aligned with national security requirements.

Practical implications. In the training of military pedagogical personnel, practical outcomes are manifested in the enhancement of students’ operational decision-making skills within real combat and operational scenarios. Through training games, simulators, and hybrid training models, students develop tactical and strategic competencies while strengthening both individual and collective collaboration abilities. This approach optimizes the practical preparedness of personnel and ensures their effective integration into the national security system.

Value. This article scientifically demonstrates the significance of methodological approaches in the training of military scientific and pedagogical personnel within the context of national security and evaluates the possibilities for their effective application. At the same time, the study provides theoretical and practical contributions to the modernization of the Azerbaijani military education system and the optimization of personnel’s strategic and tactical preparedness.

Military Tax in Ukraine as a Tool for Finansing the Needs of the Security and Defense Sector

Oleksandr Artiushenko, Pavlo Belik, Vadym Pakholcuk, Petro Kopanitsa — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Comprehensive assessment of the institutional, fiscal, and socio-economic effectiveness of military tax in Ukraine in 2014–2025 and scientific basis for the optimal scenario for its reform based on a multi-criteria analysis of alternatives.

Method. The study employs historical-legal and comparative-normative analysis to systematize legislative changes in 2014–2025, statistical analysis of budget indicators and reports of the Accounting Chamber, and an expert survey with consistency verification using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. Alternative reform scenarios are evaluated using the TOPSIS multi-criteria decision-making method, including the construction of a decision matrix, determination of weight coefficients, and calculation of the closeness index to the ideal solution. The robustness of results is tested through sensitivity analysis, scenario modelling, and Monte Carlo simulation.

Findings. The study identified contradictions between the legal status of the levy and its actual tax nature. Legislative changes in 2024–2025 strengthened its fiscal role, turning it into an important source of domestic resource mobilization. Multi-criteria modelling using the TOPSIS method showed that the most balanced reform scenario is A5 (progressive scale and a special defence fund). Kendall’s concordance coefficient (W = 0.735) confirmed the consistency of expert assessments, while sensitivity analysis and Monte Carlo simulation (5,000 iterations) demonstrated the robustness of the results.

Practical implications. The findings provide an analytically grounded basis for improving Ukraine’s defence taxation policy under wartime conditions. The proposed reform framework ensures a balance between fiscal mobilisation capacity, social justice, legal certainty, and transparency of public finance management. The applied multi-criteria evaluation methodology may be used by policymakers in designing amendments to tax legislation and in shaping strategic decisions regarding sustainable defence financing.

Paper type. Theoretical article.

Media Triggers Shaping English-Language Media Discourse on War: Linguistic, Journalistic, and Legal Aspects

Oleksandra Markiv, Oksana Zarivna, Ivan Markiv — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To provide a philosophical and communicative understanding of media triggers as key elements in shaping English-language media discourse on war, taking into account linguistic, journalistic, and legal aspects, as well as to identify their role in constructing the moral, ethical, and normative frameworks for the perception of war in the global information space.

Method. To based on a combination of critical discourse analysis, pragmatic and linguistic analysis of media texts, elements of the philosophy of language and communication, as well as ethical and legal analysis of journalistic practices. The empirical basis is a qualitative analysis of the English-language report in The Guardian (“I wondered if I would be a coward or not”: five Ukrainian men on how war has changed them, February 5, 2026), which allows us to trace the functioning of media triggers at the lexical, syntactic, stylistic, communicative, and normative levels.

Findings. To show that media triggers act as interdiscursive nodes that not only describe military events but also actively shape the ontological and ethical model of war. It has been found that linguistic triggers (lexemes with high normative load, euphemisms, modal markers), journalistic triggers (editorial decisions, genre and narrative strategies), and legal triggers (the use of terms from international humanitarian law) interact in creating a framework of legitimacy, moral evaluation, and interpretation of war in the English-language media space. It has been proven that media triggers determine which events, subjects, and meanings become recognizable, acceptable, and meaningful to a global audience.

Theoretical implications. To lies in the conceptualization of media triggers as a philosophical and interdisciplinary category of media discourse that combines linguistic, communicative, ethical, and legal dimensions. The proposed approach broadens the understanding of the role of media language in shaping the collective understanding of war and clarifies the limits of journalistic responsibility in the context of global conflicts.

Paper type. Theoretical and analytical, with elements of qualitative discourse analysis of media text.

Institutional History of the State Special Transport Service: from Railway Troops to Ukrainian Corps of Engineers

Stanislav Shumlianskyi, Yevhen Khomenko — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To study the institutional path of the State Special Transport Service through the analysis of strategic adaptations and turning points to identify the patterns of its institutional evolution and the logic of functional expansion under the influence of security challenges.

Method. The study is based on the methodology of historical institutionalism, which allowed tracing the trajectory of the service's development through the analysis of critical moments and "path dependence" mechanisms. Periodization was used to identify five stages of transformation, as well as a strategic forecasting method to outline the SSTS development prospects, taking into account the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers model.

Findings. For the first time, five key stages of the SSTS institutional history are identified and characterized, starting from the inheritance of the Soviet model of railway troops to the formation of a modern engineering corp. It is proved that the main driver of the transformation was the experience of repelling full-scale aggression, which forced the service to go beyond narrow specialization. It is established that the current stage is characterized by the strengthening of the scientific component, integration into the logistics system according to NATO standards, and active involvement in humanitarian demining. A strategic development scenario for the SSTS as the Ukrainian Corps of Engineers is formulated.

Practical implications. The results of the study can be used in this military institution further development, improving the regulatory framework, and in educational courses on military history and public administration.

Paper type. Historical-institutional and conceptual, with elements of forecasting.

Theoretical and Methodological Foundations of Selective Regulation of the Endogenous Development of Systems of Adjacent Commodity Markets (A Case Study of Grain and Bakery Products)

Oksana Zerkina — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To substantiate the theoretical and methodological framework for selective regulation of the endogenous development of vertically adjacent commodity market systems.

Method. Systemic analysis, comparative analysis, intersectoral value added balances, classification. Empirical verification on the grain and bread product market system of Ukraine using data for 2010–2021.

Findings. An original categorical framework integrating four categories and three SR principles has been developed. A concept combining two types of SR objects — “disruptions” (endogenous circuit blockers) and “growth points” (value added generators) — with two types of regulatory impact (stabilising and formative) into complex mechanisms has been proposed. The role of state marketing as a “closing link” ensuring the “activation” of the endogenous circuit through demand formation, export reorientation, and reduction of information asymmetry has been substantiated.

Theoretical implications. The study extends endogenous growth theory to the meso-level of adjacent market systems, integrating the market-creating paradigm with the new industrial policy framework.

Practical implications. The proposed framework provides policymakers with diagnostic tools to identify blockers and generators of the endogenous circuit, enabling targeted interventions in commodity market systems during post-war economic recovery.

Originality of the research. For the first time, selective regulation is conceptualised through the endogenous development paradigm, combining disruption diagnostics, growth point stimulation, and state marketing instruments into an integrated transformative mechanism.

Research limitations/Future research: Empirical verification is limited to the grain and bread product market system. Future research should develop quantitative indices for endogenous circuit diagnostics and test SR mechanisms across diverse commodity market systems.

Paper type. Research.

A Multi-Criteria Hierarchical Model for Assessing the Ability of a Border detachment TO Perform Tasks in Conditions of Difficulty Based on the Adapted Approach of DOTMLPFI

Dmitry Tushko — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To develop a multi-criteria hierarchical model for assessing the ability of the border detachment to perform tasks in conditions of complexity of the situation based on the adapted approach of DOTMLPFI. The model covers eight components: doctrine, organization, training, material support, leadership, personnel, infrastructure and interoperability, taking into account the specifics of border activities.

Method. System and hierarchical analysis, expert survey to determine weighting factors, normalization of indicators, fuzzy logic for processing qualitative data, Monte Carlo method for modeling uncertainties, as well as computer simulations and monitoring of real training. An integral capacity indicator has been developed as a weighted sum of normalized and adjusted components with degradation coefficients that allow predicting the dynamics of efficiency.

Findings. The results suggest a high sensitivity of the model to the components of training and material support that are critical for direct task performance. Sensitivity analysis confirmed the possibility of identifying unit reinforcement priorities, and the adaptability of parameters ensures the application of the model for different types of units.

Value. The practical value lies in the possibility of using the model for operational planning, identifying vulnerabilities, optimizing resources and increasing the readiness of border units for real conditions, which contributes to effective management in conditions of martial law.

Paper type. Scientific and applied.

Ecosystem Coordination of Post-War Reconstruction in the Construction Sector: an Integrator Model for the Development Business

Halyna Lopushnyak, Volodymyr Kyryliuk — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. Development of an integrator model for the development business to coordinate post-war recovery of Ukraine's construction sector through an ecosystem approach.

Method. Analytical synthesis of secondary data: cluster analysis of regions by construction sector indicators; systematic synthesis of empirical; content analysis of donor procedures and regulatory framework with triangulation of results.

Practical implications. Five integrator functions, three mediation mechanisms between external and local actors, and an asymmetric dynamic capabilities configuration with seizing dominance have been identified. Recommendations for public policy, international donors, and developers have been formulated.

Value. Ecosystem theory has been extended to the context of systemic destruction. A persistent sensing → seizing inversion has been identified. The model has been parameterized for destroyed and devastated ecosystems.

Paper type. Research.

Methodology for Prioritizing and Assessing the Impact of Cognitive Threats on the Effectiveness of the Strategic Communications System of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Oleh Temnyi — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose: development and scientific substantiation of a methodology for prioritizing and assessing the impact of cognitive threats on the effectiveness of the strategic communications system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on the integration of a game-theoretic approach, the provisions of probability theory, the additive convolution method, and the method of hierarchy analysis.

Method. A set of mathematical and analytical methods, including game-theoretic modelling of cognitive confrontation, probabilistic methods for assessing uncertainty and risks, the additive aggregation method for the integral evaluation of multicriteria indicators, and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for determining criterion weights and ranking cognitive threats.

Practical implications. lies in the possibility of using the proposed methodology for formalized prioritization of cognitive threats, increasing the validity of management decisions in the field of strategic communications, optimizing the allocation of information countermeasure resources, and increasing the stability of the information space of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Future research. Improving models for assessing cognitive threats through the application of fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making methods (Fuzzy AHP), the development of dynamic stochastic models of information confrontation, and the creation of decision support software tools for strategic communications.

Paper type: Theoretical, practical.

Analyzing the Effect of Governmental Law on Ensuring Welfare Maximization of East African Citizens

Aroj Ali — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of institutional characteristics of public governance on the economic development of East African countries. Particular attention is paid to analysing the role of key components of good governance, including government effectiveness, rule of law, regulatory quality, political stability, and control of corruption, in shaping macroeconomic outcomes, particularly GDP per capita dynamics. The study aims to empirically examine the relationship between governance quality and long-term economic growth using comprehensive statistical data.

Method. The study employs a set of quantitative econometric methods. The empirical analysis is based on panel data for East African countries covering the period from 2000 to 2020 using data obtained from the World Bank database. A multiple regression model is applied to estimate the influence of independent variables on economic development indicators. Fixed-effects and random-effects regression models are used, while the Hausman test is applied to determine the most appropriate model specification. Statistical processing and econometric estimation are conducted using the STATA software package.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical contribution of the study lies in deepening the understanding of the role of governance quality and institutional factors in promoting economic development in developing countries. The findings expand the theoretical discussion on the concept of good governance and demonstrate the relationship between institutional quality and long-term macroeconomic performance.

Practical implications. The practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of applying the results in the formulation of economic policy and institutional reforms in developing countries. The conclusions of the study may support policymakers in improving regulatory policies, reducing corruption, strengthening institutional capacity, and creating a favourable investment climate that contributes to sustainable economic growth.

Paper type. Empirical research article.

Indicative Indicators of Specific Greenhouse Gas Emissions as the Basis of a National Sectoral Metallurgy Benchmarking System

Yurii Zelenin — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0200

Purpose. To substantiate theoretical and methodical foundations and develop practical recommendations for the implementation of a national benchmarking system for specific greenhouse gas emissions in the Ukrainian iron and steel industry as a tool for stimulating decarbonization and ensuring the competitiveness of the national economy in the context of European integration.

Method. A complex of scientific methods was used: systemic-structural analysis to study global benchmarking models (EU ETS, WorldSteel, Keidanren); mathematical modeling to develop the formulas for calculating indicative indicators; comparative analysis to compare the technological efficiency of domestic and foreign metallurgical enterprises; statistical methods for processing material and energy balance data of production processes.

Findings. A conceptual model of two-level sectoral benchmarking based on the establishment of restrictive and motivational carbon intensity levels was formed; a unified algorithm for conducting benchmarking for metallurgical processes was developed, including nine stages; specific values of indicative indicators for specific emissions for coke, pig iron, and steel production were calculated, allowing the identification of zones for regulatory impact and state support.

Theoretical implications. The work deepens scientific approaches to managing the decarbonization of the national economy by clarifying the categorical apparatus of "sectoral benchmarking" and expanding the methodical toolkit for assessing the carbon intensity of industrial products, taking into account direct and indirect emissions (Scope 1, 2).

Practical implications. The results can be used by the Ministry of Economy and the Ministry of Environmental Protection of Ukraine in developing the national plan for the allocation of greenhouse gas emission allowances, forming criteria for project selection for the Decarbonization Fund, and by metallurgical enterprises to assess risks related to the implementation of the CBAM mechanism.

Originality. For the first time, the implementation of a two-level system of indicative indicators using flexible coefficients (restrictive $k_o$ and motivational $k_m$) was proposed, which allows adapting the carbon regulation system to cyclical changes in industry and Ukraine's strategic decarbonization goals for 2030–2050.

Research limitations. Limitations are due to the complexity of obtaining verified data from enterprises located in combat zones or temporarily occupied territories, as well as high volatility in energy prices, which affects the energy balances of production.

Paper type. Research.