Social Development and Security

Energy Security in the System of Cognitive Warfare: Theoretical and Methodological Foundations for Assessing and Ensuring the Resilience of the State

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate the theoretical and methodological foundations for assessing energy security as a factor of cognitive influence under wartime conditions, develop an approach to the comparative assessment of energy infrastructure losses incurred by the conflicting parties, and propose an integrated cognitive impact index.

Method. An interdisciplinary approach was employed, combining the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematisation, comparative and statistical analysis, formalisation, and expert evaluation with the assessment of expert judgment consistency using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. The information base comprised reports of international organisations, analytical centres, government institutions, and open-source materials.

Findings. The study demonstrates that energy security is one of the key factors of cognitive influence in modern warfare. A comparative analysis of Ukrainian and Russian strike campaigns against energy infrastructure was conducted, assessing economic losses, changes in electricity generation capacity, and their impact on state resilience. An integrated cognitive impact index and an assessment scale are proposed, while the expert-based share of energy security threats within the overall cognitive impact structure is determined.

Theoretical implications. The study advances the theoretical and methodological foundations for integrating the concepts of energy security and cognitive warfare.

Practical implications. The proposed approach can be applied to risk assessment, strengthening the resilience of critical energy infrastructure, and supporting strategic planning.

Future research. Future studies should focus on the empirical validation of the integrated cognitive impact index, verification of the model's robustness using an expanded panel of experts, quantitative sensitivity analysis, and the integration of the proposed approach into strategic decision support systems.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Proposals and Recommendations for Developing the State System of Cognitive Security and Cognitive Influence in the Interests of the Defence Forces of Ukraine

Sat, 11 Jul 2026 21:41:02 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate proposals and practical recommendations for the development of the national system of cognitive security and cognitive influence in the interests of the Defence Forces of Ukraine, coordinated between the military level (the Armed Forces of Ukraine) and the state level of governance in the field of military security.

Method. The study employs systems analysis, synthesis, comparison, systematisation, formalisation, expert evaluation, prioritisation based on an integrated index (the product of the probability of implementation and the level of impact on national security), and scenario planning across different time horizons.

Findings. Six complementary proposals were identified (three at the military level and three at the state level). For each proposal, a set of implementation measures, timelines, and expected outcomes was developed. Expert evaluation of the probability of implementation (65–88%) and the level of impact on national security (78–95%) was conducted. A prioritisation matrix was developed, the proposals were ranked, and a roadmap for their implementation was prepared. The study substantiates the feasibility of simultaneously implementing rapid organisational measures and the phased implementation of institutional and legal solutions.

Theoretical implications. The findings may be used to support the formulation of state policy in the field of cognitive security, the development of the Concept of Cognitive Security and the Cognitive Resilience Strategy, the improvement of defence planning, as well as research and educational activities.

Paper type: Theoretical and methodological.

Digitalization of the public law control system as an instrument for ensuring Ukraine’s national security

Natalya Atamanova — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. The purpose of the study is to provide a scientific substantiation of the digitalization of the public-law control system as an instrument for ensuring Ukraine’s national security, to determine its legal nature, the main directions of its influence on the state’s control function, and the limits of the permissible use of digital tools in the sphere of public authority oversight.

Method. The study employs dialectical, systemic-structural, formal-legal, comparative-legal, and hermeneutic methods, as well as methods of legal modelling and scientific generalization. This methodological framework enabled a comprehensive analysis of the legal foundations of public-law control digitalization, European standards of electronic identification and data protection, and the role of digital technologies within the national security system.

Findings. The findings demonstrate that the digitalization of public-law control extends beyond the technical modernization of administrative procedures and fundamentally transforms the nature of state control activities. A multi-level structure of digitalized control is substantiated, encompassing normative-security, administrative-organizational, information-technological, and human-rights dimensions. The study identifies the role of electronic identification, digital registries, information-analytical platforms, and cybersecurity mechanisms in enhancing the effectiveness of control procedures.

Theoretical Implications. The research advances scientific approaches to understanding digitalized public-law control as an independent legal phenomenon that integrates elements of public administration, information law, cybersecurity, and national security law.

Practical Implications. The study formulates recommendations for improving the legal regulation of digital public-law control, particularly in the areas of interagency data exchange, personal data protection, cybersecurity resilience of state information systems, regulation of automated monitoring, and procedures for appealing digital decisions.

Paper Type. Research article.

Russia’s ‘Shadow Fleet’ as a Military, Economic and Environmental Threat to the Black Sea

Jacek Mrozek, Piotr Gawliczek — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To analyse the military, economic, and environmental threats posed by Russia's shadow fleet in the Black Sea region, assess its role in circumventing international sanctions and financing military operations, and identify approaches to countering this phenomenon.

Method. The study employs a qualitative research design based on document analysis, case study methodology, comparative analysis, and qualitative content analysis of reports produced by international organisations, government institutions, analytical centres, and expert sources.

Findings. The findings demonstrate that Russia's shadow fleet has become a key instrument for sustaining energy export revenues despite international sanctions. Its activities weaken sanctions, increase military, maritime, and environmental risks, and may facilitate hybrid operations against critical infrastructure. The operation of ageing and poorly regulated tankers significantly increases the likelihood of maritime accidents and environmental disasters, while existing international legal and institutional mechanisms remain insufficient to address these challenges effectively.

Theoretical implications. The study advances understanding of the shadow fleet as a multidimensional security phenomenon by integrating military, economic, environmental, and legal perspectives.

Practical implications. The findings support the development of more effective monitoring, sanctions enforcement, maritime surveillance, environmental protection, and critical infrastructure security measures.

Value. The study offers a comprehensive assessment of Russia's shadow fleet as an instrument of hybrid influence and identifies key challenges for international security.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Counter-Terrorism Systems in the European Union in the Context of Contemporary Geopolitical Instability

Сергій Євтух — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive study of counter-terrorism systems in the European Union by analysing their institutional, legal, and organisational mechanisms, assessing the effectiveness of existing approaches, and identifying the key challenges and issues in the field of security.

Method. The study employs systemic, institutional, comparative-legal, and structural-functional approaches. The research applies methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, content analysis of EU legal acts and strategic documents, comparative analysis of the activities of security institutions, statistical analysis of data from Europol, ENISA, and other European organisations, as well as elements of scenario analysis to assess the prospects for the development of the EU counter-terrorism system.

Findings. The study analyses the contemporary architecture of the European Union's counter-terrorism system and identifies the roles of Europol, Eurojust, Frontex, the Schengen Information System, and other institutions in ensuring security. The main trends in the transformation of terrorist threats are identified, including the spread of digital radicalisation, cyberterrorism, and hybrid forms of confrontation. The study substantiates directions for improving interstate coordination, information sharing, the use of digital technologies, and the development of predictive response mechanisms to address contemporary security challenges.

Theoretical Implications. The research advances the scientific understanding of the functioning of the contemporary counter-terrorism architecture of the European Union, the patterns of transformation of terrorist threats, and the role of digital technologies in ensuring security under conditions of geopolitical instability.

Practical Implications. The findings may be used to improve public policy in the field of counter-terrorism, strengthen international security cooperation, harmonise Ukrainian legislation with European Union law, and develop proposals for enhancing cybersecurity, interagency coordination, and information exchange among competent authorities.

Paper Type. Theoretical and analytical.

Alternative Civilian Service in Russia during the Russian-Ukrainian War: Between Constitutional Guarantee, Mobilization Practice and International Legal Criticism

Yaroslav Kotylko — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose: The purpose of the study is a comprehensive historical, legal and human rights analysis of the institution of alternative (non-military) service in Russia in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, to clarify the relationship between the constitutional guarantee of the right to replace military service with alternative civilian service, the mobilization practice of the Russian state and international legal criticism of violations of freedom of conscience. Particular attention is paid to identifying regulatory and practical barriers to access to alternative service after 2022, as well as analyzing specific cases of violations of the right to conscientious objection.

Methodology: The work uses general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, systematization, comparison), special legal methods (formal-legal, historical-legal, method of interpretation of legal norms), as well as case study elements to study specific cases of Russian applicants for alternative service. The source base is the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal legislation on alternative civilian service, materials of international human rights bodies, UN documents, analytical materials of the European Asylum Agency, as well as reports of human rights organizations and independent monitoring platforms on the practice of implementing this right in Russia.

Research Results: The article establishes that the Russian model of alternative (non-military) service retains formal constitutional recognition, but in practical terms is characterized by narrow access, a long term of service, significant discretion of draft boards, and the preservation of the possibility of such service in structures related to the armed forces. It is shown that after the start of the full-scale war against Ukraine and the announcement of mobilization in 2022, the contradiction between Article 59 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the current mobilization regulations sharply intensified: no clear and effective mechanism for access to alternative civilian service was created for mobilized reservists, and the legislative changes of November 2022 actually shifted the emphasis from the civilian alternative to non-military positions within the armed forces system. Separately, it has been established that international bodies and human rights organizations critically assess Russian practice as one that does not ensure the consistent implementation of freedom of conscience, and in some cases is accompanied by pressure, criminal prosecution and cruel treatment of conscientious objectors. The cases of Pavlo Mushumansky, Zakhar Asmalovsky and German Strelkov show that even in the presence of a constitutional guarantee, the implementation of the right to alternative service often depends not on the law as such, but on a long judicial appeal, administrative resistance and the applicant's willingness to withstand repressive pressure.

Theoretical Significance: The study reveals the Russian model of alternative service as an example of normative duality, in which the constitutional recognition of the right to freedom of conscience coexists with administrative and mobilization mechanisms of its actual narrowing. It is substantiated that in wartime conditions the institution of alternative service in Russia has transformed from a limited mechanism for the realization of beliefs into a sphere of increased legal risk, where freedom of conscience is increasingly subordinated to the logic of military mobilization.

Practical Significance: The results can be used to prepare comparative legal studies in the field of freedom of conscience and military duty, to assess the compliance of national legislation with international human rights standards, as well as to develop recommendations for the construction of an alternative civilian service that is non-punitive, not integrated into military structures and provides effective appeal mechanisms. The study findings are also important for human rights documentation of violations of the rights of conscientious objectors in authoritarian and military contexts.

Value of the Research: Дослідження демонструє, що в сучасній Росії право на альтернативну (невійськову) службу дедалі більше набуває декларативного характеру, а війна проти України стала каталізатором посилення розриву між конституційною гарантією та реальною практикою її застосування. Це дає підстави розглядати російський досвід не як модель захисту свободи совісті, а як приклад її формального визнання за одночасного системного обмеження в умовах мілітаризованої державної політики.

Type of Article: theoretical (historical-legal).

Strategic Aspects of the Management of Military Pedagogical Personnel within the Context of National Security

Mujkan Mammadzada — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To investigate the strategic foundations of managing the activities of military pedagogical personnel in the context of national security and to determine the application possibilities of modern approaches in this field.

Method: The study employed the methods of systems approach and comparative analysis.

Theoretical implications. The activities of military pedagogical personnel are of strategic importance as an integral component of the national security system. Contemporary approaches confirm that management in this field is based on systemic, competence-based, and adaptive models. At the same time, digitalization and integration into international standards further strengthen the theoretical foundations of the pedagogical process.

Practical implications. Proper management of military pedagogical personnel significantly enhances the quality and effectiveness of the training process. The application of modern management approaches enables the improvement of trainees’ professional preparedness and better adaptation to real combat conditions. At the same time, the use of digital technologies and innovative training methods strengthens the flexibility and results-oriented nature of pedagogical activities.

Value. This article systematizes strategic approaches to the management of military pedagogical personnel within the context of national security, thereby forming a solid scientific basis for both theoretical and practical development in this field.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Radio Reconnaissance and Radio Jamming of HF/VHF Communication Systems

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To analyse the contemporary understanding of the goals and tasks of electromagnetic warfare, the state of radio communication systems employed by the armed forces of the Russian Federation at the tactical level of command and control, as well as existing technologies of electronic reconnaissance and electronic jamming of HF and VHF radio communication systems.

Method. The methodological basis of the research includes analysis, synthesis, deduction, comparative methods, and elements of systems analysis. Analytical methods are used to process open-source information and technical data, enabling the systematization of modern approaches to electromagnetic warfare. Synthesis and deduction are applied to generalize empirical material and develop conclusions regarding vulnerabilities of radio communication systems. Comparative analysis is employed to assess electronic reconnaissance and jamming complexes in service with partner nations and the Defence Forces of Ukraine.

Findings. The article demonstrates that modern electromagnetic warfare capabilities significantly expand the potential for countering enemy radio communication systems and disrupting their command and control. It is substantiated that a key role is played by minimizing the “detection–analysis–attack (neutralization)” cycle, including through the integration of electronic reconnaissance and jamming systems into a unified information space.

Practical Implications. The findings can be used to justify the selection of advanced electronic reconnaissance and jamming complexes, support technical equipping plans for electronic warfare units, and inform training programmes for personnel of relevant components of the Defence Forces of Ukraine. The research further develops scientific approaches to the selection of technologies for radio reconnaissance and jamming of HF and VHF communication systems.

Paper type: Analytical, review-conceptual.

Military-Strategic Prerequisites and Methodological Foundations for Substantiating the Target Model of the Armed Forces of Ukraine Considering the Role of Unmanned, Robotic, Cybernetic, Space and Information Capabilities

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate the military-strategic prerequisites and methodological foundations for shaping the target model of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the period up to 2035, taking into account the experience of the large-scale armed aggression of the Russian federation and the growing role of unmanned, robotic, cyber, space and information capabilities.

Method. Systems approach; analysis and synthesis; comparison; extrapolation of stable trends; formalization and evaluation of the material; abstraction and scenario modelling.

Findings. An irreversible change in the character of armed struggle has been established (≈ 70–80 % of combat losses are caused by unmanned systems); a strategic image of war up to 2035 has been formulated; the need to embed the new capabilities as primary components of the future force has been substantiated; the concepts of “capability” and “combat capabilities” have been distinguished and a methodology for substantiating the target model has been defined.

Theoretical Implications. The results form the methodological foundation of the Concept for the Development of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and can be used in defense planning, the design of future organizational structures, weapon development programmers and in military-building curricula.

Paper Type. Theoretical and analytical.

Citizen Preparation for National Resistance as a Component of Armed Forces Development Policy: The Experience of the Baltic States (2014–2026)

Євген Камалов, Олексій Полтораков — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify the specific features of citizen training models for national resistance in the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) during 2014–2026 and to determine practices suitable for adaptation in Ukraine.

Method. The study employs systemic, comparative, and historical-comparative approaches. Methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, content analysis of legal acts and strategic documents, as well as comparative analysis of institutional mechanisms for preparing citizens for national resistance were applied.

Findings. The study reveals that the Baltic States have developed three distinct models of citizen preparation for national resistance. The Estonian model is based on the combination of compulsory military service and voluntary defence organizations; the Latvian model focuses on the restoration of conscription and the development of societal resilience programs; and the Lithuanian model relies on a comprehensive regulatory framework for civil resistance. The key factors influencing the effectiveness of these models and the principal directions for their adaptation to the Ukrainian context have been identified.

Theoretical Implications. The study advances the scientific understanding of citizen preparation for national resistance as an integral component of the national security and defence system and clarifies the mechanisms that contribute to societal readiness for defence.

Practical Implications. The findings may be used to improve public policy in the fields of national resistance, territorial defence, and citizen preparedness for military and hybrid threats.

Paper Type. Theoretical and analytical.

Investigation of a Sniper Fire-Mission Execution Model with Restrictions on Collateral Injury to Bystanders

Oleksandr Bіlenko, Denys Asanov — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To analyse a sniper fire-mission execution model for security forces under the constraint of preventing collateral injury to bystanders and to determine how key shooting parameters influence the probability of successful mission accomplishment.

Method. The study employs mathematical modelling, parametric analysis, numerical calculations, comparative analysis, and graphical interpretation of the obtained relationships. The effects of shooting accuracy, target distance, aiming point displacement, and the number of shots on mission effectiveness are investigated.

Findings. The aiming point position and the number of shots were identified as the most controllable factors affecting mission effectiveness. Improved shooting accuracy and reduced engagement distance increase the probability of successful mission accomplishment. An asymmetric effect of aiming point displacement was revealed, and an optimal number of shots that maximises the overall probability of mission success was determined.

Theoretical implications. The study advances mathematical models for evaluating sniper fire-mission effectiveness by incorporating the criterion of bystander safety into the assessment framework.

Practical implications. The findings can be applied to sniper training, aiming point selection, determination of the optimal number of shots, and the justification of technical requirements for sniper weapon systems.

Originality/value. The study presents a comprehensive analysis of a fire-mission execution model that simultaneously accounts for target engagement effectiveness and bystander safety.

Limitations/Future research. The model is based on predefined tactical conditions and does not account for the dynamics of real combat environments. Future research should focus on experimental validation of the model and its extension to incorporate additional operational risk factors.

Paper type. Theoretical article.

Analysis of Existing Approaches to Assessing and Monitoring the level of Preparation of Armed Forces of Ukraine for National Defense

Vadym Klymenko — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Analysis of existing approaches to assessing and monitoring the level of preparation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine for the defense of the state, as well as determining the possibility of their integration to increase the effectiveness of training management.

Method. Based on the provisions of a systems approach to the management of complex organizational systems, according to which the processes of evaluation and control are considered as interrelated functions of a single management cycle. The study used a set of general scientific methods of cognition, covering empirical approaches, in particular observation and comparative analysis, which provide comparison and structuring of data, as well as theoretical methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization.

Theoretical Implications. The feasibility of combining assessment and control in a single closed loop of management of the Armed Forces' preparation for the defense of the state is substantiated, where assessment forms the basis for making corrective decisions, and control ensures verification of the state of implementation and the achieved result. Assessment and control provide an adaptive impact on the preparation of the Armed Forces of Ukraine under the conditions of their integration, taking into account the hierarchical generalization of indicators in accordance with the structure of capabilities, the mutual influence of components and their importance depending on the contribution to achieving the result.

Paper Type. Theoretical and Conceptual Analysis.

Methods for Selecting and Assigning Officers in the Military Command Structures of the Armed Forces of Ukraine: Integration of Transformational Leadership Indicators

Olena Chaikovska — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Актуальність дослідження зумовлена радикальною зміною вимог до органів військового управління в умовах повномасштабної збройної агресії проти України: офіцери органів військового управління мають поєднувати швидкість реагування з системним аналізом, дисципліну з ініціативністю. Трансформаційне лідерство, орієнтоване на ціннісний вплив, надихання та інтелектуальну стимуляцію, виступає концептуальною основою для подолання розриву між адміністративно-командною моделлю комплектування та потребою в гнучкому, мотиваційно зорієнтованому управлінні. Мета. Обґрунтувати трансформаційне лідерство як концептуальну основу формування лідерської компетентності офіцерів Збройних Сил України та запропонувати напрями інтеграції його показників у методики підбору й розстановки осіб офіцерського складу органів військового управління в умовах особливого періоду. Методи. Теоретичний аналіз, систематизація та узагальнення нормативно-правових і доктринальних документів, порівняльний аналіз доктринальних підходів армій США та Великої Британії, моделювання. Результати. Проаналізовано нормативно-правову базу армій країн-партнерів у сфері військового лідерства та сучасну вітчизняну доктринальну базу; обґрунтовано структурну модель лідерської компетентності офіцера; запропоновано доповнити рейтингову модель підбору кандидатів чотирма доменами трансформаційного лідерства. Практична цінність. Розроблено рекомендації щодо інтеграції індикаторів трансформаційного лідерства у процедури підбору та розстановки осіб офіцерського складу. Тип статті: теоретичний.

Digitalization of Military Professional Training as the Foundation of a New Philosophy of Higher Military Education

Anatolii Loishyn, Andrii Kucheriavyi — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify the provisions of a new philosophy of higher military education shaped by digitalization, based on the analysis of regulatory, scientific, and official sources.

Method. The study employed analysis and synthesis to define the research problem, purpose, and objectives; content analysis to examine sources and identify challenges related to the training of military professionals under martial law; concretization to determine digitalization tools for managing professional training; and generalization and systematization to formulate conclusions.

Findings. The philosophy of higher military education in the post-Soviet period is characterized as a philosophy of the executor, while the transition to a new philosophy of the leader is substantiated. This new philosophy is distinguished by digital competencies, technological readiness, and innovative thinking. Based on the analysis of regulatory and scientific sources, NATO publications, and institutional documents, the strategic goals of higher military education in the context of digitalization were identified. The study found that the key components of the new educational philosophy include digital leadership, the development of digital competence and digital culture, the use of artificial intelligence technologies, readiness to work with data, digital academic integrity, the technologization of the educational process, and the preparation of military professionals for activity in a digital environment.

Theoretical implications. The study proposes a comprehensive vision of the evolution of higher military education under the influence of digitalization and identifies its key conceptual foundations.

Practical Implications. The findings may be used in the development of doctrinal documents, digital development strategies for military educational institutions, the enhancement of digital competence among educators and students, the implementation of artificial intelligence technologies, and the modernization of the educational process.

Originality/Value: The study provides a conceptual foundation for further research in military management and military education under conditions of digital transformation.

Paper type: Theoretical.

Development of Digital Platforms for Recruitment and Personnel Management in the Armed Forces

Oleksandr Halytskyi, Anton Zakharov, Svitlana Stoyanova-Koval, Viktor Getmanets — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

The research, dedicated to the development of digital platforms for recruiting and personnel management in the Armed Forces, is interdisciplinary and applied in nature. Digital HR platforms are described that allow automating the processes of recruiting, personnel accounting, career support, HR needs analytics, and professional development management of military personnel. A comparative analysis of international experience in digitalization of military HR management in the USA, Great Britain, Canada, Poland, etc. is conducted. It is established that leading NATO states are moving towards the creation of integrated digital ecosystems that cover the entire life cycle of a military serviceman - from recruitment to social adaptation after service. It is determined that for Ukraine, the digitalization of personnel processes is not only a management reform, but also a necessary condition for ensuring the state's defense capability in the conditions of a full-scale war. Тhe results of the study confirm that the development of digital platforms for recruiting and personnel management is one of the key areas of modernization of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and an important element of Ukraine's integration into NATO standards

System Modeling of the Demand for Military Lawyers in the Armed Forces of Ukraine Under Martial Law

Yurii Husak, Denis Kanduev — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop a normative-econometric model for forecasting the demand for military lawyers in the Armed Forces of Ukraine based on a systems approach and taking into account legal workload factors under martial law.

Method. The study is theoretical and analytical in nature. It employs a systems approach, normative method, statistical analysis, normative-econometric modelling, and scenario forecasting. The information base consists of open data from the Office of the Prosecutor General of Ukraine, the Unified State Register of Court Decisions, the International Criminal Court, and the European Court of Human Rights.

Findings. The study demonstrates that the demand for military lawyers should be determined not by peacetime staffing structures but by the actual volume of legal cases, the labour intensity of legal support, and the characteristics of the security environment. The calculations indicate that the objective demand of the Armed Forces of Ukraine in 2025–2026 amounts to approximately 1,800–1,900 military lawyers. Scenario forecasting up to 2030 identifies a possible range of personnel demand from 500 to 4,000 lawyers.

Theoretical implications. The study advances methodological approaches to forecasting personnel requirements in the military legal domain.

Practical implications. The proposed model may be used for personnel planning and for substantiating state orders for the training of military lawyers.

Originality/value. A normative-econometric model for forecasting the demand for military lawyers under martial law is proposed for the first time.

Limitations/Future research. Further research should focus on refining workload standards and expanding the empirical database.

Paper type: Theoretical and analytical study.

Assessment of Scenario-Functional Suitability of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Chemical and Radioactive Contamination Detection Tasks

Andrii Bachynskyi — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Development of a matrix-vector multi-criteria model for assessing the scenario-functional suitability of unmanned aerial systems for chemical and radioactive contamination detection tasks, taking into account the application scenario.

Method: The study is based on a systems approach, structural-functional analysis, multi-criteria assessment method, and a scenario-level approach.

Findings: A model for assessing the scenario-functional suitability of an unmanned aerial system is proposed. A set of assessment criteria is formed; their division into structural-scenario and resource-logistic criteria is substantiated; a criteria relevance matrix and a system of matrices of lower and upper reference boundaries are introduced; and a procedure for normalizing partial assessments and determining a generalized indicator for a specific unmanned aerial system model is developed.

Theoretical implications: The theoretical value of the study lies in the formalization of an approach to assessing the suitability of unmanned aerial systems not through their relative comparison with one another, but by determining the degree of compliance of a specific unmanned aerial system with the formalized set of requirements of a given scenario and operational level.

Practical Implications. The proposed assessment model can be used for the preliminary selection of unmanned aerial systems for chemical and radiation reconnaissance tasks, the formation of a rational composition of detection assets, the planning of platform application under different operational conditions, and the development of computational decision-support tools.

Future research: Further research should focus on determining the numerical values of reference boundaries, validating the model using real or simulation datasets, and integrating the indicator into the general methodology for assessing the effectiveness of chemical and radioactive contamination detection.

Paper type: Analytical research article of theoretical and applied character.

Rapid Procurement of Armament and Defence Equipment in Ukraine under High-Intensity War

Olena Holota — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To analyze and substantiate rapid defence procurement in Ukraine, using the example of the procurement of armaments and military equipment characterized by short innovation cycles, in the context of high-intensity warfare as an integrated defence capability-management cycle.

Method. Theoretical analysis, comparative legal method, institutional analysis.

Findings. As a result of the conducted analysis, it has been demonstrated that the speed of procurement acquires managerial significance only when combined with the proper identification of requirements, an appropriate legal framework, sustainable and diversified funding, controlled procedures, feedback mechanisms, and end-to-end oversight.

Theoretical implications. Lies in conceptualising rapid defence procurement not as a simplified wartime procedure, but as an element of a broader defence capability acquisition and development cycle, in which procurement constitutes only one of the phases in transforming an operational requirement into an actual capability. The article contributes to the development of scholarly discourse in the fields of public administration, defence policy, and European integration processes.

Practical implications. Lies in establishing a framework for assessing the effectiveness of rapid procurement against the criteria of timeliness, requirement conformity, legality, financial sustainability, accountability, risk management, and contribution to capability development.

Value. Lies in the fact that, for the first time, Ukrainian rapid defence procurement in the context of high-intensity warfare has been conceptualised as a managerial cycle of defence capability development. The proposed cycle integrates procurement legislation, defence resource management, short-cycle innovation, and acquisition logic oriented towards full lifecycle management. The study adapts the logic of defence capability acquisition, based on capability-based defence planning approaches applied in the United States, to the Ukrainian realities of conducting high-intensity warfare, thereby establishing a theoretical and practical foundation for the further development of an integrated system of defence management, defence procurement, and defence capability management in Ukraine.

Paper type. Theoretical and analytical article.

Methodology and Applied Aspects of Assessing the Capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Natalia Honcharuk — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To generalize and substantiate modern approaches to assessing the capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine through combining the principles of capability-based defence planning, the resource approach, the DOTMLPFI component model, and certification procedures for capability carriers.

Method. Systematic analysis and synthesis, comparison, generalisation, multicriteria assessment, modeling.

Findings. Modern approaches to capability assessment are systematized; the relationship between defence planning, resource management, assessment, and certification processes is identified; and the applicability of an integral indicator for determining capability level and identifying critical components is demonstrated.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical contribution of the study lies in advancing the methodological foundations for assessing the capabilities of the Armed Forces of Ukraine through the integration of the principles of Capability-Based Planning, the resource-based approach, the DOTMLPFI model, and capability assessment and certification procedures. The proposed approach enhances the theoretical basis for comprehensive capability assessment and provides a foundation for improving decision-support methods in defence planning.

Practical implications. The practical contribution of the study lies in developing a methodological approach to the comprehensive assessment of capability carriers within the Armed Forces of Ukraine. The proposed approach enables the determination of capability levels, identification of critical capability components, and substantiation of management decisions regarding resource allocation and capability development. It can be applied in defence planning, defence resource management, capability assessment, and certification in accordance with NATO standards.

Value. The value of the study lies in the systematization of modern approaches to capability assessment in the Armed Forces of Ukraine and in demonstrating the possibilities of their practical application in defence planning, resource management, and certification of capability carriers.

Paper type. Theoretical and analytical article.

The Statistical Relationship Between Defense Spending and Economic Growth in Ukraine: A Comparative Regression Analysis

Denis Kutenes, Діана Бибик, Oles Koval — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify and quantitatively interpret the statistical relationship between defence expenditure and economic growth in Ukraine amidst ongoing security challenges, as well as to clarify the specific characteristics of the Ukrainian case through comparison with Turkey and Georgia.

Method: This is an empirical study. The data set comprises World Bank statistics for 2014–2023 on military expenditure and real gross domestic product for Ukraine, Turkey and Georgia. The study employs methods of generalisation, comparison, dynamic analysis, linear regression and analysis of the residuals of the regression model.

Findings. For Ukraine, a strong inverse statistical relationship has been established between defence expenditure and real gross domestic product. The correlation coefficient is -0.897, and the coefficient of determination is 0.804. A comparative analysis showed that Turkey is characterised by a weak positive relationship, whilst Georgia is characterised by a strong positive relationship.

Theoretical implications. The study deepens the scientific understanding of the context-dependent relationship between defence expenditure and economic growth in developing countries.

Practical implications. The findings can be used as an analytical basis for further research into the macroeconomic consequences of defence funding in conditions of security instability.

Value. The originality of the work lies in combining regression analysis of the Ukrainian case with a comparative analysis of Turkey and Georgia.

Limitations / directions for further research. The limitations of the study include the use of simple linear regression and a limited time period. Further research should focus on expanding the sample, including additional macroeconomic variables, and applying more complex econometric models.

Paper type. Empirical.

Institutionalising Portfolio Management in Ukraine’s Ministry of Defence

Mykola Tkach, Pavlo Makoshenets — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate the relevance of implementing portfolio management in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine and to develop an organizational model for distributing roles, authorities, and responsibilities among key stakeholders.

Method. The study is based on the analysis of regulatory and methodological documents, the ISO 21500 series standards, the PM²-PfM methodology, military defense planning standards, portfolio management concepts, and the application of stakeholder analysis, process decomposition, and the RASCI matrix.

Findings. The study identifies the absence of a comprehensive portfolio management mechanism within the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine, systematizes the key portfolio management stakeholders, proposes an organizational model of portfolio governance, and defines the distribution of roles and responsibilities throughout the portfolio life cycle.

Theoretical implications. The research advances scientific and methodological approaches to portfolio management for military capability development and the implementation of defense programs and projects.

Practical implications. The proposed approach can support the development of portfolio management regulations, the establishment of a Portfolio Management Office (PMO), the creation of a defense programs and projects registry, and greater transparency in defense resource management.

Originality/Value. The portfolio approach is presented as an institutional governance system that integrates portfolio selection with the allocation of roles, authorities, and responsibilities among key stakeholders in defense planning.

Research limitations/Future research. The study is limited to open-access sources. Future research will focus on practical approaches to implementing portfolio management within the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine.

Paper type. Theoretical and analytical.

Spatial Planning of a Charging Hub Network for Heavy Electric Trucks and Prospects for Its Use in the Logistics of the Armed Forces of Ukraine

Oleksandr Goroshko, Volodymyr Zavalniuk — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop scientifically grounded approaches to the spatial planning of a network of charging hubs for heavy-duty electric trucks in Ukraine based on mathematical modelling of the transport network and to determine the prospects for their application in the logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Мethod. The study employed a combination of general scientific and specialized methods, including systems analysis, analysis and synthesis, content analysis, comparative analysis, mathematical modelling, graph theory methods, optimization modelling, linear programming, and computational-analytical methods. A graph-based model of Ukraine’s transport network and the PuLP software library were used to optimize the placement of charging hubs.

Findings. A graph of Ukraine’s main transport corridors was constructed, key logistics hubs were identified, and a model for the optimal placement of charging hubs was developed, taking into account the driving range of heavy-duty electric trucks, the technical characteristics of CCS2 and Megawatt Charging System (MCS) charging technologies, and regulatory requirements governing drivers’ working and rest periods. The study substantiates the prospects for integrating heavy-duty electric trucks into the logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Practical implications. The proposed approaches can be applied to the planning of a national charging infrastructure network, the development of transport logistics, and the modernization of the logistics support system of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Value. The study develops a scientific and methodological approach, adapted to the conditions of Ukraine, for the spatial planning of charging infrastructure for heavy-duty electric trucks by integrating transport modelling, optimization methods, and the requirements of military logistics.

Paper type. Empirical research article.

Digital Transformation of the Accounting and Documentation System for the Movement of Military Property in a Military Unit

Volodymyr Klymenko — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To provide a theoretical generalization and practical substantiation of approaches to the organization, accounting, and documentary support of military property movement in units of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, as well as to identify directions for improving these processes in the context of military logistics digitalization and adaptation to NATO standards.

Method. The study employs analysis and synthesis of regulatory documents and scientific literature, a systems approach, structural-functional analysis, comparative analysis, content analysis, and the generalization of practical experience.

Findings. The study established that the military property accounting system covers all stages of the property life cycle and ensures effective control over material resources. Key challenges were identified, including the predominance of paper-based documentation, duplication of accounting operations, insufficient integration of information resources, and limited capabilities for monitoring property movement. Directions for digital transformation are substantiated through the implementation of Logistics Information Systems, ERP solutions, RFID technologies, and the NATO Codification System.

Theoretical implications. The study advances scientific approaches to the management of material resources in military units by incorporating contemporary concepts of military logistics and digital resource management.

Practical Implications. The findings can be applied to modernize military property accounting systems and support the digital transformation of logistics processes.

Originality/Value: A conceptual model for the digital transformation of the military property accounting system has been developed. The model integrates accounting, logistics, and analytical processes based on the principles of Logistics Information Systems, Asset Visibility, and the NATO Codification System. In addition, a prioritization framework for digitalization measures is proposed.

Research limitations/Future research: The study is primarily theoretical and analytical in nature. Future research should focus on evaluating the effectiveness of ERP systems and the implementation of automatic resource identification technologies.

Paper type: Theoretical paper with elements of comparative, regulatory, and applied analysis.

Proposals for Improving the Organization of Food Supply for Military Units (Subdivisions) During the War

Serhiy Lytvynovsky, Serhiy Polyashov, Mykhailo Chukhriy, Oleksiy Zaruchynskyi — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop scientifically substantiated proposals for improving the organization of food supply for military units (subdivisions) of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the preparation and conduct of combat operations, taking into account the experience of the Russian–Ukrainian war and contemporary NATO military logistics standards.

Мethod. The study employed a combination of general scientific and specialized research methods, including analysis and synthesis, systems analysis, comparative analysis, expert evaluation, diagnostic methods, and statistical processing of the results of an expert survey involving 20 specialists using Kendall’s coefficient of concordance.

Findings. The study identified the key factors influencing the organization of food supply for military units under conditions of modern warfare and substantiated the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of food service organization models. An adaptive food supply model, an algorithm for selecting food service organization methods according to the operational and tactical situation, an improved food stock echelonment system providing up to 20 daily rations, and directions for the digitalization of logistics management were proposed.

Practical implications. The findings may be applied to improving the regulatory framework, revising military field manuals, planning logistics support for military units, training logistics officers, and implementing digital management technologies.

Research limitations. The findings are based on the analysis of regulatory documents, NATO doctrines, an expert survey, and the generalization of practical experience. The proposed solutions require further experimental validation and economic assessment.

Paper type. Empirical research article.

Genesis of the Kholodnyi Yar Organization in 1917–1918

Dmytro Furmanchuk — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. This article reconstructs the early genesis of the Kholodnyi Yar Organization in 1917–1918 through an analysis of local self-defense practices in the village of Melnyky and the area surrounding the Motronynskyi Monastery.

Method. The study applies the principles of historicism and source criticism, together with historical-comparative, spatial-reconstructive, and microhistorical approaches. Archival criminal case files, memoirs, local historical studies, and related materials are compared to distinguish verifiable evidence from later narrative constructions.

Findings. The study demonstrates that the events of 1917 should not be retrospectively equated with a fully developed military-political structure of Kholodnyi Yar. The early Melnyky–Motronynskyi center is interpreted as a transitional form of armed self-defense that emerged amid the collapse of administrative authority, the spread of criminal violence, the availability of front-line experience, and a local conflict over the monastic area. The year 1918, under the influence of the Hetman administration and the Austro-German military presence, is identified as the turning point at which community self-defense practices evolved into coordinated insurgent resistance.

Theoretical implications. The concept of the village-union is interpreted as an intermediate coordination mechanism linking local self-defense with the subsequent insurgent organization.

Practical implications. The findings may be applied in military-historical research on territorial self-organization, local security, and irregular resistance.

Originality/value. The article shifts the focus from a heroic narrative to the specific mechanisms of self-defense, including self-organization, territorial control, communication, personnel selection, and the authority of local leaders.

Limitations/future research. Further research requires broader use of archival criminal case files, cartographic materials, and other primary sources.

Paper type. Theoretical, historical-analytical.

Procedure for Testing Powder-Gas Leakage at the Barrel–Breech Joint of a Mortar During Live Fire

Valeriy Ishchenko, Oleksii Ishchenko, Derevianchuk Anatolii — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. Based on the results of field tests, to substantiate and establish a procedure for detecting the leakage of propellant gases between the barrel and the breech of a mortar during firing.

Method. The study employs empirical (experimental), systems analysis, and comparative analysis as its primary research methods.

Findings. The proposed procedure provides a cost-effective, repeatable, and visually verifiable method for confirming the integrity of the labyrinth-threaded seal between the barrel and the breech of modern mortars. Rupture of the indicator strip or displacement of the marker constitutes direct evidence of propellant gas leakage and provides grounds for a negative conclusion regarding the integrity of the joint. The absence of both indicators confirms the integrity of the joint and provides grounds for a positive conclusion.

Theoretical implications. The proposed procedure complements existing indirect testing approaches, including crusher-gauge measurement of bore pressure and computer vision–based estimation of muzzle velocity, by providing a directly observable indicator of obturation failure. In contrast, these methods detect such defects only indirectly through reductions in bore pressure or muzzle velocity.

Paper type. Empirical and methodological.

Some Aspects of Conducting Tests of Weapons and Military Equipment According to NATO Standards

Serhii Kobzan, Serhii Strikha, Oleksii Kharchenko, Volodymyr Pankiv — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To investigate the directions of testing weapons and military equipment (WME) in accordance with NATO standards, to analyse specialised bodies of NATO member states, and to identify mechanisms for implementing standards in Ukraine's national WME testing system.

Method. A combination of general scientific and special research methods was applied: system analysis, synthesis and comparative analysis. NATO military standardisation mechanisms were reviewed, the regulatory framework (STANAG, AEP, AOP) was analysed, and the international experience of specialised testing institutions was generalised.

Findings. The main directions and stages of WME testing according to NATO requirements were identified. Applied aspects of NATO and US standards by field of application were systematised (Table 1). The network of NATO research and specialised institutions (NATO STO, CMRE, MSIAC, NSO, etc.) involved in the development and testing of weapons was analysed (Table 3). A three-level structure of testing was generalised: initial, main and final stages with baseline tests (Table 2).

Theoretical Implications. Theoretical provisions on the structure of NATO standards in the field of WME testing were systematised. Mechanisms for adapting the Safety, Suitability and Effectiveness (S3) principles to the conditions of Ukraine's national standardisation system were identified.

Practical Implications. The findings may be used to develop methodological guidelines for implementing NATO standards (STANAG) into domestic WME testing programmes and methodologies, contributing to the achievement of interoperability of Ukraine's Armed Forces with NATO member states' armies under STO and SPS programmes.

Paper type. Theoretical and Analytical with Methodological Elements.

Specific Indicators of the Efficiency of Ground Robotic Complexes in the Conditions of Logistics and Medical Support of Operations (Combat Actions)

Віктор Гудима, Тимур Куртсеітов, Анатолій Нікітін, Олександр Ярошенко — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To substantiate and systematise specific performance indicators for unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs) intended for logistics and medical support during military operations (combat actions), and to develop methodological foundations for their application in formulating operational and tactical requirements, conducting testing, and performing comprehensive evaluation.

Method. The study employed a combination of systems analysis, structural analysis, comparative analysis, content analysis of international standards (ASTM, ISO, JAUS, NGVA) and national regulatory documents, as well as methods of systematisation and generalisation. The system of specific performance indicators was developed through an analysis of the regulatory framework, identification of the operational characteristics of UGV employment in combat conditions, and classification of indicators according to their functional areas.

Findings. A system of specific performance indicators for evaluating UGVs employed in logistics and medical support during combat operations is proposed. The indicators are classified into three functional groups: logistics support, medical evacuation, and interoperability with command and control systems. The study substantiates the inclusion of indicators characterising resilience to electronic warfare, survivability, signature management, energy efficiency, medical-oriented performance parameters, and interoperability within the evaluation framework.

Theoretical implications. The study advances the methodological foundations for evaluating UGV effectiveness by developing a system of specific performance indicators adapted to the requirements of contemporary combat operations.

Practical implications. The proposed system of indicators can be applied in developing operational and tactical requirements, conducting state and departmental trials, performing comparative evaluations of prospective UGVs, and supporting decision-making regarding their adoption by the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Paper type. Theoretical article.

Methodology for Substantiating Tactical and Technical Requirements of Terrestrial Robotic Complexes

Олег Kаламурза — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop a scientific and methodological approach to substantiating the tactical and technical requirements for ground robotic systems based on forecasting the determining requirements, identifying patterns of scientific and technological development, and applying mathematical forecasting models.

Method. The study employs a combination of systems analysis, analysis and synthesis, scientific and technological forecasting methods, mathematical modelling, regression analysis, the least squares method, statistical data processing methods, and optimisation techniques.

Findings. A methodology for forecasting the determining tactical and technical requirements for ground robotic systems is proposed. The study substantiates the classification of requirements into determining and derived categories, identifies the applicability of linear, exponential, logistic, and stepwise models for forecasting technological development, and demonstrates their use in the subsequent optimisation of the tactical and technical characteristics of ground robotic systems.

Theoretical implications. The research advances the scientific and methodological foundations for forecasting the technological development of ground robotic systems and for substantiating their tactical and technical requirements.

Practical implications. The proposed methodology can be applied to the development of tactical and technical requirements, the design of advanced ground robotic systems, and decision support for their development and procurement for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Methodology for Building Information Transmission and Processing Systems from Combat Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

Oleksandr Tarasenko — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To develop a step-by-step methodology for building information transmission and processing systems for combat unmanned systems, providing a structured approach to architecture selection based on requirements analysis, communication channel evaluation and verification of solutions in accordance with operational objectives.

Method. The methodology is based on a systems approach and combines requirements analysis, formalization of operating environment constraints, a step-by-step procedure for selecting technical solutions and quantitative performance evaluation through the integral indicator D. Iterative simulation modelling is used for verification.

Findings. A five-stage methodology for building information transmission and processing systems for combat UAVs has been developed. It is shown that adhering to the methodology reduces the number of design iterations by 30–40% and increases the integral efficiency indicator D by an average of 22%. The effectiveness of the methodology has been confirmed on synthetic data under active electronic warfare conditions.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical foundations of designing UAV information subsystems are systematised, and for the first time a closed iterative methodology is proposed covering the complete cycle from requirements analysis to solution verification, taking into account the specifics of combat unmanned systems deployment.

Originality / Value. The novelty of the methodology lies in the systematic integration of communication channel selection procedures, topological solutions and protection algorithms into a single formalised process with feedback, enabling adaptation of the system architecture to dynamic combat environment conditions.

Paper type. Methodological research with elements of mathematical modelling.

Analysis of the Ways and Means of Creating (Developing) Laser Weapons in Ukraine: Features and Recommendations

Tue, 14 Jul 2026 21:39:34 +0300

Purpose. To analyse and substantiate the ways and methods of creating (developing) laser weapons in Ukraine, defining for each the characterisation of actions, end results across planning horizons, possible risks and feasibility, with emphasis on air-defence tasks and countering Shahed-type loitering munitions.

Method. Analysis; synthesis; comparison; systematisation; formalisation; expert evaluation; scenario (forecasting) approach.

Findings. Three main paths of creating (developing) laser weapons are identified – autonomous (national), import-and-adaptation, and cooperative-transfer; for each path, methods of implementation are proposed, the characterisation of actions is given, end results for short-, medium- and long-term horizons are defined, risks are identified and feasibility is assessed; an integrated (hybrid) model is substantiated as optimal.

Theoretical implications. The results can be used to form a state targeted defence programme, to improve defence planning and defence-industrial development policy in the field of directed-energy weapons, and in scientific and educational programmes.

Paper type. Theoretical, descriptive, practical, methodical.

Civil Protection as a Means of Ensuring Environmental Safety and Occupational Safety under Wartime Conditions

Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of military actions on environmental safety, occupational safety, and public life safety, as well as to determine the role of civil protection in ensuring societal resilience.

Method. The study employed methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, statistical and comparative analysis to assess the dynamics of environmental damage, occupational injuries, and the activities of the State Emergency Service of Ukraine during 2022–2025, as well as graphical methods for the visualization of research results.

Findings. The findings indicate that military actions cause extensive environmental damage, environmental pollution, and significant changes in the structure of occupational injuries. The greatest losses were recorded in the lithosphere and natural ecosystems. An increase in the share of occupational accidents related to military actions was identified, while psychophysiological and organizational factors were found to be the leading causes of workplace incidents. The study also demonstrated the high adaptability of the civil protection system and the State Emergency Service of Ukraine to wartime conditions.

Practical Implications. The results can be used to improve environmental safety measures, occupational safety management, risk management practices, and the effectiveness of civil protection systems under wartime conditions.

Originality. The study provides a comprehensive assessment of the interrelationship between environmental, occupational, and social risks and evaluates their impact on the functioning of the civil protection system during wartime.

Limitations research. he study is primarily based on official Ukrainian statistical data for 2022–2025 and does not include cross-country comparisons or long-term assessments of wartime impacts.

Paper type: Research article.

Possibilities and Ways of Effective Organization of Military Lyceum Cadets’ Leisure Time

Aytan Nagizade — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify the pedagogical possibilities and effective ways of organizing the leisure time of cadets in military lyceums of Azerbaijan, as well as to examine its impact on their comprehensive development, the formation of national and moral values, and the enhancement of psychological resilience and professional training.

Method. The study employs theoretical analysis, a comparative approach, and generalization methods. Relevant scientific literature, pedagogical approaches, and practical experiences in the field of military education were reviewed, and the current state of leisure time organization in military lyceums was evaluated.

Theoretical implications. The research substantiates the educational and developmental potential of leisure time from a scientific perspective. It has been determined that leisure time is not merely a means of rest, but also an important pedagogical tool in shaping cadets’ personalities, developing their value systems, and strengthening their psychological preparedness. This perspective expands theoretical views on the role of leisure time in military pedagogy.

Practical implications. The study identifies key challenges in organizing leisure time in military lyceums, including limited time, insufficient material and technical resources, and the lack of an individualized approach. To address these issues, concrete recommendations and practical models are proposed, such as the “Military Lyceum Leisure Time Club,” project-based activities, leadership programs, and the integration of digital technologies. Additionally, applicable recommendations are provided for administrative and teaching staff.

Value. The scientific and practical significance of this research lies in proposing innovative approaches and models for the more effective organization of leisure time in military lyceums. The findings can contribute to improving the educational and training processes, enhancing cadets’ development levels, and increasing the overall quality of education in military institutions.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Formation of Terms in the Military Terminological Lexicon under the Influence of Artificial Intelligence

Konul Sadigova — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To identify the formation patterns, structural-semantic characteristics, and functional roles of new lexical units emerging in military terminology under the influence of artificial intelligence

Method: The study employed descriptive, structural-semantic, and comparative analyses to investigate the terms formed under the influence of artificial intelligence.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical findings indicate that the application of artificial intelligence technologies accelerates the process of the emergence of new terms in military terminology. In the context of artificial intelligence, terms related to the military sphere are formed through various structural-semantic methods and contribute to the terminologization of existing linguistic units. This process influences the integration of the military terminological system with other fields of science, as well as with the international terminological fund, and contributes to its overall enrichment.

Practical implications. The continuous and systematic use of terms formed under the influence of artificial intelligence contributes to the enrichment of military terminology with national and international linguistic units, as well as to the development of cross-linguistic relations. This process provides a favorable foundation for the emergence of new terms and the expansion of term-formation mechanisms. Artificial intelligence and AI-generated terms play a significant role in the compilation of terminological dictionaries. Terms formed under the influence of artificial intelligence systems also contribute to the optimization of translation and professional communication processes.

Value. This article identifies the theoretical and practical foundations of the AI-driven transformation of military terminology and presents scholarly approaches to the process of term formation. Furthermore, it analyzes the theoretical basis of the integration of military science, linguistics, and modern technologies, thereby demonstrating the scientific and practical significance of this field.

Paper type. Theoretical.

Geopolitics and Geo-Economics as Conditioning Factors of Modern Military Conflict

Zafar Najafov — Tue, 30 Jun 2026 00:00:00 +0300

Purpose. To investigate the role of geopolitical and geoeconomic interests in the emergence and development of military conflicts in the modern era.

Method. Historical, systematic approach and structural analysis methods.

Findings. As a result of the research, the mutual influence of geopolitical and geoeconomic interests in the formation of modern military conflicts was systematized, and the influence of geoeconomic instruments (energy, transport corridors, economic sanctions and technological dependence) on military violence was substantiated. The integration of geoeconomic instruments with hard power in modern military conflicts was also identified.

Theoretical implications. The theoretical basis of the study is based on modern views explaining the interrelation of geopolitical and geoeconomic interests. The article analyzes the realization of geopolitical interests of states through economic instruments, the strategic importance of energy and transport corridors, the impact of economic dependence and sanctions mechanisms on the emergence and development of military conflicts within a conceptual framework. This approach substantiates the fact that geopolitical and geoeconomic interests are complementary and mutually influencing determinants in modern conflicts.

Practical implications. The practical results of the study show that a comprehensive assessment of geopolitical and geoeconomic factors is essential for preventing modern military conflicts and increasing the effectiveness of national security policy. The conceptual framework of the interaction of these interests can be used by state agencies in strategic planning, risk assessment, ensuring the security of energy and transport infrastructure, as well as in predicting the possible consequences of economic sanctions and other means of geoeconomic influence.

Value. The scientific value of the article lies in the systematic analysis of the influence of geopolitical and geoeconomic interests on the formation and development of modern military conflicts. The study of military conflicts in the study in their interaction not only with political and military factors, but also with geoeconomic factors such as energy security, transport corridors, economic sanctions, technological competition and global supply chains provides a comprehensive approach to modern security research. This approach contributes to a more complete explanation of the mechanism of interaction of geopolitical and geoeconomic determinants and to the enrichment of the scientific and methodological base for the analysis of modern conflicts.

Paper type. Theoretical.